1044 THE GHOST-DANCE RELIGION [bth.ann.14 



constant and friendly communication. Within the traditionary period 

 the two tribes lived adjacent to each other in southern Wyoming, since 

 which time the Shoshoni have been beaten back into the mountains by 

 the Sioux and other prairie tribes, while the Comanche have been 

 driven steadily southward by the same pressure. In this southern 

 migration the Pe'nateka seem to have preceded the rest of the tribe. 

 The Kiowa say that when they themselves moved southward from the 

 Black-hills region, the Arkansas was the northern boundary of the 

 Comanche. 



In 1719 the Comanche are mentioned under their Siouan name of 

 Pa'douca as living in what now is western Kansas. It must be remem- 

 bered that from 500 to 800 miles was an ordinary range for a prairie 

 tribe, and that the Comanche were equally at home on the Platte and 

 in the Poison de Mapiini of Chihuahua. As late as 1805 the North 

 Platte was still known as Padouca fork. At that time they roamed 

 over the country about the heads of the Arkansas, Red, Trinity, and 

 Brazos rivers, in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. For nearly 

 two hundred years they were at war with the Spaniards of Mexico and 

 extended their raids far down into Durango. They were friendly to the 

 Americans generally, but became bitter enemies of the Texaus, by whom 

 they were dispossessed of their best hunting grounds, and carried on 

 a relentless war against them for nearly forty years. They have been 

 close confederates of the Kiowa for perhaps one hundred and fifty 

 years. In 1835 they made their first treaty with the government, and 

 by the treaty of Medicine Lodge in 18G7 agreed to go on their present 

 reservation, situated between Washita and Red rivers, in the south- 

 western part of Oklahoma; but it was not until after the last outbreak 

 of the southern prairie tribes in 1871-75 that they and their allies, the 

 Kiowa and Apache, finally settled on it. They were probably never 

 a large tribe, although supposed to be populous on account of their 

 wide range. Within the last fifty years they have been terribly wasted 

 by war and disease. They numbered 1,512 in 1803. 



The gentile system seems to be unknown among the Comanche. 

 They have, or still remember, thirteen recognized divisions or bands, 

 and may have had others in former times. Of these all but five are 

 practically extinct. The Kwa'hari and Pe'nateka are the most impor- 

 tant. Following in alphabetic order is the complete list as given by 

 their leading chiefs : 



1. Detsdna'yuka or No'koni. This band, to which the present head 

 chief Quanah Parker belongs, was formerly called No'koni, "wan- 

 derers," but on the death of Quanah's father, whose name was also 

 No'koni, the name was tabued, according to Comanche custom, and 

 the division took the name of Detsdna'yuka, ''bad campers," intended 

 to convey the same idea of wandering. 



2. Ditsd'kdna, Wt'dyu, Yapa, or Ya'mpari'ka. This division was for- 

 merly known as Wi'dyu, "awl," but for a reason similar to that just 



