moonky] DIVISIONS OF THE COMANCHE 1045 



mentioned the name, was changed to Ditsa'kana, •■sewers," which con- 

 veys the same idea, an awl being the substitute for a needle. They 

 are equally well known as Yapa, the Comanche name of the root of the 

 Carum gairdneri, known to the Shoshoni and Bannock as yampa,or 

 sometimes as Yampa-ri'ka, a dialectic form signifying "yanipa eaters." 

 The whole Comanche tribe is known to the Shoshoni under the name 

 of Ya'mpaini or Yampai-ri'Jcani, "yampa people" or "yampa eaters.'' 

 TheYapa are sometimes known also as Etsitii'biwat, " northerners," or 

 "people of the cold country,*' from having usually ranged along the 

 northern frontier of the tribal territory; a fact which may account for 

 the Shoshoni having designated the whole tribe by their name. 

 .">. Kewa'tsana. "No ribs;" extinct. 



I. Kotsa'i. Extinct. 



5. Ko'tso-te'lca. "Buffalo eaters," from Ico'tso, buffalo, and t&Tca. the 

 root of the verb " to eat." 



(J. Kwa'hdri or Kwa'hadi, "Antelopes." This division was one of 

 the most important of the tribe, and was so called because its members 

 frequented the prairie country and the staked plains, while the Pe'nii- 

 teka and others ranged farther east on the edge of the timber region. 

 They were the last to come in after the surrender in 1874. The Kwa' 

 hari, Ditsa'kana, and Detsaua'yuka were sometimes designated together 

 by the whites as northern Comanche as distinguished from the Pe'nii- 

 teka, who were known as eastern or southern Comanche. 



7. Motsai'. Perhaps from pa-motsan, "a loop in a stream." These 

 and the Tena'wa were practically exterminated in a battle with the 

 Mexicans about 1845. 



8. Pa'gatsu. "Head of the stream" (_/>//, a stream); extinct. 



9. Pe'nateka, or Pena'nde. "Honey eaters." These and the Kwa'hari 

 were the two most important divisions in the tribe. They lived on the 

 edge of the timber country in eastern Texas, and hence were frequently 

 known to the whites as eastern or southern Comanche. They had but 

 a loose alliance with their western kinsmen, and sometimes joined 

 the Texans against them. Other Comanche names for them are 

 Te'yuwit, "hospitable;" Te'Mpwai "no meat," ami Ku'baratpat, "steep 

 climbers." 



10. Po'hoi. " Wild-sage people," i. e., Shoshoni. This is not properly 

 the name of a Comanche division, but of some immigrant Shoshoni from 

 the north incorporated with the Comanche. 



II. Tani'ma. "Liver eaters," from mm or nilm, liver. This band is 

 extinct, oidy one old man being known to survive 



12. Tena'wa or Te'nahwit. Prom te'naw', "down stream." Extinct. 

 See Motsai' above. 



13. Wa-ai'h. "Maggot." Extinct. 



The Comanche were nomad buffalo hunters, constantly on the move, 

 cultivating nothing from the ground, and living in skin tipis. Except- 

 ing that they are now confined to a reservation and forced to depend 

 on government rations, they are but little changed from their original 



