hookey] SKETCH OK THE KIOWA 1079 



City Montana. They afterward moved down from the mountains and 

 formed an alliance with the Crow, with whom they have since continued 

 on friendly terms. From here they drifted southward along the base 

 of the mountains, driven by the Cheyenne and Arapaho. About 1840 

 they made peace with the latter tribes, with which they have, since 

 commonly acted in concert. The Sioux claim to have driven them 

 out of the Black hills, and in 1805 they were reported as living upon 

 the North Platte. According to the Kiowa account, when they first 

 reached Arkansas river they found their passage opposed by the 

 Comanche, who claimed all the country to the south. A war followed, 

 but peace was finally concluded, when the Kiowa crossed over to 

 the south side of the Arkansas and formed a confederation with the 

 Comanche, which continues to the present day. In connection with 

 the Comanche they carried on a constant war upon the frontier settle- 

 ments of Mexico and Texas, extending their incursions as far south 

 at least as 1 (urango. Anion-' all the prairie tribes they were noted as 

 the most predatory and bloodthirsty, and have probably killed more 

 white men in proportion to their numbers than any of the others. 

 They made their first treaty with the government in 1837, and were 

 put upon their present reservation jointly with the Comanche and 

 Apache in 1S08. Their last outbreak was in 1S71-75. in connection 

 with the Comanche. Apache, and Cheyenne. While probably never 

 very numerous, they have been greatly reduced by war and disease. 

 Their last terrible blow came in the spring of 1892, when the measles 

 destroyed over 300 of the three confederated tribes. Their present 

 chief is Gu'i-pa'go, Lone Wolf. They occupy the same reservation 

 with the Comanche and Apache, between Washita and Red rivers, in 

 southwestern Oklahoma, and numbered 1,017 in 1893. 



The Kiowa do not have the gentile system, and there is no restric- 

 tion as to intermarriage among the divisions. They have six tribal 

 divisions, including the Apache associated with them, who form a 

 component part of the Kiowa camping circle. A seventh division, the 

 KuiUd, is now extinct. The tribal divisions in the order of the camp- 

 ing" circle are: 



1. K'a't'a— "biters," i. e., Arikara or Kee; so called, not because of 

 Arikara origin, but because they were more intimate with that tribe 

 in trade and otherwise when the Kiowa lived in the north. 

 'J. Ko 1 gu'i — "elks." 



3. Ka'igwti—" Kiowa proper." This is the oldest division, to which 

 belongs the keeping of the medicine tipi, in which is the grand medi- 

 cine of the tribe. 



i. Kifiep— "big shields." This is the largest division in the tribe 

 and of corresponding importance. 

 5. Semat — -'thieves," the Apache. 



0. Kontd'lyui — "black boys." Sometimes also called Si'ndiyu'i, 

 "Sindi's children." Said to be of darker color than the rest of the 



