OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. XVIL 
LINGUISTIC AND OTHER ANTHROPOLOGIC RESEARCHES, BY THE REV. 
J. OWEN DORSEY, 
For a number of years Mr. Dorsey has been engaged in 
investigations among a group of cognate Dakotan tribes em- 
bracing three languages: (legiha, spoken by the Ponkas and 
Omahas, with a closely related dialect of the same, spoken by 
the Kansas, Osage, and Kwapa tribes; the ,oiwere, spoken 
by the Iowa, Oto, and Missouri tribes; and the Hotcangara, 
spoken by the Winnebago. 
In July, 1878, he repaired to the Omaha reservation, in the 
neighborhood of which most of these languages are spoken, 
for the purpose of continuing his studies. 
Mr. Dorsey commenced the study of the (legiha in 1871, 
and has continued his researches in the group until the present 
time. He has collected a very large body of linguistic mate- 
rial, both in grammar and vocabulary, and when finally pub- 
lished a great contribution will be made to North American 
linguistics. 
These languages are excessively complex because of the 
synthetic characteristics of the verb, incorporated particles 
being used in an elaborate and complex scheme. 
In these languages six general classes of pronouns are found: 
1st. The free personal. 
2d. The incorporated personal. 
3d. The demonstrative. 
4th. The interrogative. 
5th. The relative. 
6th. The indefinite. 
One of the most interesting features of the language is 
found in the genders or particle classifiers. The genders or 
classifiers are animate and inanimate, and these are again divided 
into the standing, sitting, reclining, and moving; but in the Win- 
nebago the reclining and moving constitute but one class. They 
are suffixed to nouns, pronouns, and verbs. When nouns, ad- 
jectives, adverbs, and prepositions are used as predicants, i. ¢., 
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