XVIII ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 
to perform the function of verbs, these classifiers are also suf- 
fixed. The classifiers point out with particularity the gender 
or class of the subject and object. When numerals are used 
“as nouns the classifiers are attached. 
In nouns and pronouns case functions are performed by an 
elaborate system of postpositions in conjunction. with the classi- 
fiers. 
The verbs are excessively complex by reason of the use of 
many incorporated particles to denote cause, manner, instru- 
ment, purpose, condition, time, etc. Voice, mode, and tense are 
not systematically differentiated in the morphology, but voices, 
modes, and tenses, and a great variety of adverbial qualifica- 
tions enter into the complex scheme of incorporated particles. 
Sixty-six sounds are found in the (egiha; sixty-two in the 
\L2iwere; sixty-two in the Hotcangara; and the alphabet 
adopted by the Bureau is used successfully for their expression. 
While Mr. Dorsey has been prosecuting his linguistic studies 
among these tribes he has had abundant opportunity to carry 
on other branches of anthropologic research, and he has col- 
lected extensive and valuable materials on sociology, mythol- 
ogy, religion, arts, customs, ete His final publication of the 
(legiha will embrace a volume of literature made up of mythic 
tales, historical narratives, letters, etc., in the Indian, with inter- 
linear translations, a selection from which appears in the papers 
appended to this report. Another volume will be devoted to 
the grammar and a third to the dictionary. 
LINGUISTIC RESEARCHES, BY THE REV. S. R. RIGGS. 
In 1852 the Smithsonian Institution published a grammar 
and dictionary of the Dakota language prepared by Mr. Riggs. 
Since that time Mr. Riggs, assisted by his sons, A. L. and T 
L. Riggs, and by Mr. Williamson, has been steadily engaged 
in revising and enlarging the grammar and dictionary; and at 
the request of the Bureau he is also preparing a volume of 
Dakota literature as texts for illustration to the grammar and 
