OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. XXIX 
in numbers, and the tribes longest in contact with civilization 
are increasing. The whole body of Indians is making rapid 
progress toward a higher culture, notwithstanding the petty 
conflicts yet occurring where the relations of the Indian tribes 
to our civilization have not yet been adjusted by the adoption 
upon their part of the first conditions of a higher life. 
The part which the General Government, representing pub- 
lic sentiment, has done in the extinguishment of the vague 
Indian title to lands in the granting to them of lands for civ- 
ilized homes on reservations and in severalty, in the establish- 
ment and support of schools, in the endeavors to teach them 
agriculture and other industrial arts—in these and many other 
ways justice and beneficence have been shown. Thus the 
history of the tribes of America from savagery to civilization 
is a history of three: 
First. The history of acculturation—the effect of the pres- 
ence of civilization upon savagery. 
Second. The history of Indian wars that have arisen in part 
from the crimes and in part from the ignorance of either party. 
Third. The history of civil Indian affairs. This last is di- 
vided into a number of parts: 
Ist. The extinguishment of the Indian title. 
2d. The gathering of Indians upon reservations. 
3d. The instrumentalities used to teach the Indians civilized 
industries; and 
4th. The establishment and operation of schools. 
From the organization of the Government to the present 
time these branches of Indian affairs have been in operation; 
lands have been bought and bought again; Indian tribes have 
been moved and moved. again; reservations have been estab- 
lished and broken up. The Government has sought to give 
lands in severalty to the Indians from time to time along the 
whole course of the history of Indian affairs. very experi- 
ment to teach the Indians the industries of civilization that 
could be devised has been tried, and from all of these there 
has resulted a mixture of failure and success. 
A review of the century’s history abundantly demonstrates 
that there is no short road to justice and peace; but a glance 
