202 MORTUARY CUSTOMS OF NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 
observers. From a perusal of the excerpts from books and correspond- 
ence given will be seen what facts are useful and needed; in short, 
most of them may serve as copies for preparation of similar material. 
To assist observers, the queries published in the former volume are 
also given. 
1st. NAME OF THE TRIBE; present appellation; former, if differing 
any; and that used by the Indians themselves. 
2d. LOCALITY, PRESENT AND FORMER.—The response should give the 
range of the tribe and be full and geographically accurate. 
3d. DEATHS AND FUNERAL CEREMONIES; what are the important and 
characteristic facts connected with these subjects? How is the corpse 
prepared after death and disposed of? How long is it retained? Is it 
spoken to after death as if alive? when and where? What is the char- 
acter of the addresses? What articles are deposited with it; and why? 
Is food put in the grave, or in or near it afterwards? Is this said to be 
an ancient custom? Are persons of the same gens buried together; and 
is the clan distinction obsolete, or did it ever prevail ? 
4th. MANNER OF BURIAL, ANCIENT AND MODERN; STRUCTURE AND 
POSITION OF THE GRAVES; CREMATION.—Are burials usually made in 
high and dry grounds? Have mounds or tumuli been erected in mod- 
ern times over the dead? How is the grave prepared and finished ? 
What position are bodies placed in? Give reasons therefor if possible. 
If cremation is or was practiced, describe the process, disposal of the 
ashes, and origin of custom or traditions relating thereto. Are the 
dead ever eaten by the survivors? Are bodies deposited in springs or 
in any body of water? Are scaffolds or trees used as burial places; if 
so, describe construction of the former and how the corpse is prepared, 
and whether placed in skins or boxes. Are bodies. placed in canoes? 
State whether they are suspended from trees, put on scaffolds or posts, 
allowed to float on the water or sunk beneath it, or buried in the ground. 
Can any reasons be given for the prevalence of any one or all of the 
methods? Are burial posts or slabs used, plain, or marked, with flags 
or other insignia of position of deceased. Describe embalmment, mum- 
mification, desiccation, or if antiseptic precautions are taken, and sub- 
sequent disposal of remains. Are bones collected and reinterred; de- 
seribe ceremonies, if any, whether modern or ancient. If charnel houses 
exist or have been used, describe them. 
5th. MOURNING OBSERVANCES.—Is scarification practiced, or per- 
sonal mutilation? What is the garb or sign of mourning? How are 
the dead lamented? Are periodical visits made to the grave? Do 
widows carry symbols of their deceased children or husbands, and for 
how long? Are sacrifices, human or otherwise, voluntary or involun- 
tary, offered? Are fires kindled on graves; why, and at what time, and 
for how long? 
6th. BURIAL TRADITIONS AND SUPERSTITIONS.—Give in full all that 
