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HOLDEN. ] THE MAYA HIEROGLYPHS. 229 
average agreement, neither more nor less. Taken together they show 
that the same signs were used at Copan and at Palenque. As the same 
symbols used at both places occur in like positions in regard to the 
human face, ete., I conclude that not only were the same signs used at 
both places, but that these signs had the same meaning; 7. e., were truly 
57 
synonyms. In future I shall regard this as demonstrated. 
VIII. 
HUITZILOPOCHTLI (MEXICAN GOD OF WAR), TEOY AOMI- 
QUI (MEXICAN GODDESS OF DEATH), MICLANTECUTLI 
(MEXICAN GOD OF HELL), AND TLALOC (MEXICAN RAIN- 
GOD), CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO CENTRAL AMERI- 
CAN DIVINITIES. 
In the Congrés des Américanistes, session de’ Luxembourg, vol. ii, p. 
283, is a report of a memoir of Dr. LEEMANS, entitled “‘ Description de 
quelques antiquités américaies conseryées dans le Musée royal néer- 
landais Vantiquités 4 Leide.” On page 299 we find— 
M. G.-H.-Banp, de Arnheim, a eu la bonté de me confier quelques antiquités prove- 
nant des anciens habitants du Yucatan et de Amérique Centrale, avec autorisation 
den faire prendre des fac-similes pour le Musée, ce qui me permet de les faire connaitre 
aux membres du Congrés. Elles ont 6té trouvées enfouies & une grande profondeur 
dans le sol, lors de la construction d’un canal, vers la riviére Gracioza, prés de San 
Filippo, sur Ja frontiére du Honduras britannique et de la république de Guatémala 
par M. §.-A.-van BraaM, ingénieur néerlandais au service de la Guatémala-Company. 
From the maps given in STIELER’S Hand-Atlas and in BANCROF1’S 
Native Races of the Pacifie States I find that these relics were found 
308 miles from Uxmal, 207 miles from Palenque, 92 miles from Copan, 
and 655 miles from the city of Mexico, the distances being in a straight 
line from place to place. 
The one of these objects with which we are now concerned is figured 
in Plate (63) of the work quoted, and is reproduced here as Fig. 52. 
Dr. LEEMANS refers to a similarity between this figure and others in 
Stephens’ Travels in Central America, but gives no general comparison. 
I wish to direct attention to some of the points of this cut. The chiffre 
or symbol of the principal figure is, perhaps, represented in his belt, and 
is a St. Andrew’s cross, with a circle at each end of it. Inside the large 
circle is asmaller one. It may be said, in passing, that the cross prob- 
ably relates to the air and the circle to the sun. 
The main figure has two hands folded against his breast. Two other 
arms are extended, one in front, the other behind, which carry two birds. 
Each arm has a bracelet. This second pair of hands is not described by 
Dr. LEEMANS. The two birds are exact duplicates, except that the eye 
of one is shut, of the other open. Just above the bill of each bird is 
something which might be taken asa second bill (which probably is not, 
