270 SIGN LANGUAGE AMONG NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 
officers of the Army and Navy of this and other nations, to missionaries, 
travelers, teachers of deaf-mutes, and philologists generally, is now with 
equal urgency repeated. It is, indeed, hoped that the continued pre- 
sentation of the subject to persons either having opportunity for obser- 
vation or the power to favor with suggestions may, by awakening some 
additional interest in it, secure new collaboration from localities still un- 
represented. 
It will be readily understood by other readers that, as the limits 
assigned to this paper permit the insertion of but a small part of the 
material already collected and of the notes of study made upon that ac- 
cumulation, it can only show the general scope of the work undertaken, 
and not its accomplishment. Such extracts from the collection have 
been selected as were regarded as most illustrative, and they are pre- 
ceded by a discussion perhaps sufficient to be suggestive, though by no 
means exhaustive, and designed to be for popular, rather than for scien- 
tific use. In short, the direction to submit a progress-report and not a 
monograph has been complied with. 
DIVISIONS OF GESTURE SPEECH. 
These are corporeal motion and facial expression. An attempt has 
been made by some writers to discuss these general divisions separately, 
and its success would be practically convenient if it were always 
understood that their connection is so intimate that they can never be 
altogether severed. A play of feature, whether instinctive or voluntary, 
aecentuates and qualifies all motions intended to serve as signs, and 
strong instinctive facial expression is generally accompanied by action 
of the body or some of its members. But, so far as a distinction can 
be made, expressions of the features are the result of emotional, and 
corporeal gestures, of intellectual action. The former in general and 
the small number of the latter that are distinctively emotional are 
nearly identical among men from physiological causes which do not affect 
with the same similarity the processes of thought. The large number 
of corporeal gestures expressing intellectual operations require and ad- 
mit of more variety and conventionality. Thus the features and the 
body among all mankind act almost uniformly in exhibiting fear, grief, 
surprise, and shame, but all objective conceptions are varied and vari- 
ously portrayed. Even such simple indications as those for “no” and 
“ves” appear in several differing motions. While, therefore, the terms 
sign language and gesture speech necessarily include and suppose facial 
expression when emotions are in question, they refer more particularly 
to corporeal motions and attitudes. For this reason much of the valu- 
able contribution of DARWIN in his Hapression of the Emotions in Man 
and Animals is not directly applicable to sign language. His analysis 
