MALLERY. ] DIVISIONS OF GESTURE SPEECH. 271 
of emotional gestures into those explained on the principles of servicea- 
ble associated habits, of antithesis, and of the constitution of the nerv- 
ous system, should, nevertheless, always be remembered. Even if it 
does not strictly embrace the class of gestures which form the subject 
of this paper, and which often have an immediate pantomimie origin, the 
earliest gestures were doubtless instinctive and generally emotional, pre- 
ceding pictorial, metaphoric, and, still subsequent, conventional gestures 
even, as, according to DARWIN’S cogent reasoning, they preceded articu- 
late speech. 
While the distinction above made between the realm of facial play 
and that of motions of the body, especially those of the arms and hands, 
is sufficiently correct for use in discussion, it must be admitted that the 
features do express intellect as well as emotion. The well-known saying 
of Charles Lamb that “jokes came in with the candles” is in point, but 
the most remarkable example of conveying detailed information without 
the use of sounds, hands, or arms, is given by the late President T. H. 
Gallaudet, the distinguished instructor of deaf-mutes, which, to be intel- 
ligible, requires to be quoted at length: 
“One day, our distinguished and lamented historical painter, Col. 
John Trumbull, was in my sehool-room during the hours of instruction, 
and, on my alluding to the tact which the pupil referred to had of read- 
ing my face, he expressed a wish to see it tried. I requested him to select 
any event in Greek, Roman, English, or American history of a scenic 
character, which would make a striking picture on canvas, and said I 
would endeavor to communicate it to the lad. ‘Tell him,’ said he, ‘that 
Brutus (Lucius Junius) condemned his two sons to death for resisting his 
authority and violating his orders.’ 
“T folded my arms in front of me, and kept them in that position, to 
preclude the possibility of making any signs or gestures, or of spelling 
any words on my fingers, and proceeded, as best I could, by the expres- 
sion of my countenance, and a few motions of my head and attitudes of 
the body, to convey the picture in my own mind to the mind of my 
pupil. 
“Tt ought to be stated that he was already acquainted with the fact, 
being familiar with the leading events in Roman history. But when I 
began, he knew not from what portion of history, sacred or profane, 
ancient or modern, the fact was selected. From this wide range, my 
delineation on the one hand and his ingenuity on the other had to 
bring it within the division of Roman history, and, still more minutely, 
to the particular individual and transaction designated by Colonel Trum- 
bull. In carrying on the process, I made no use whatever of any arbi- 
trary, conventional look, motion, or attitude, before settled between us, 
by which to let him understand what I wished to communicate, with the 
exception of a single one, if, indeed, it ought to be considered such. 
“The usual sign, at that time, among the teachers and pupils, for a 
Roman, was portraying an aquiline nose by placing the fore-finger, 
