3 



ography was beginning to develop. I am glad to report that as a result 

 of these efforts, and the testimony before the Oceanographic Sub- 

 committee last year, a statement about the law of the sea was in- 

 corporated in the bill that set up the National Oceanographic Council. 

 They are proceeding with some effort in this regard. 



However, events outstripped what was stated there in terms of the 

 international scene. Some months ago I became additionally con- 

 cerned with this matter. This concern arose from several things that 

 happened in sequence. 



In 1965, I believe in October, Mr. Roosevelt made a statement for 

 the United States about the seabed and the subsoils of the sea and 

 what the ownership of those should be. I was concerned about 

 interpretation of those remarks. 



There have been some meetings held by several bodies here in the 

 United States, one body called the Commission on the Studv of the 

 Organization of Peace, and as part of their operation they su'braitted 

 a report which recommended that this subsurface of the sea be turned 

 over to the United Nations. 



Another group, very well known and highly respected. World Peace 

 Through Law, submitted a like proposal that the U.N. should have 

 jurisdiction over the bottoms of the seas. 



Then one of the congressional observers to the U.N. recently 



Mr. Fascell. I think it would be useful if, at this point, we put 

 both documents to which the gentleman refers in the record, that is, 

 the Eichelberger articles and the resolution of the World Peace 

 Through Law Conference. 



(The documents referred to follow :) 



[Article From the Saturday Review of June 18, 19G6] 



The Promise of the Seas' Bounty — How the Oceans' Enormous Riches 

 Can Contribute to Peace and Help Alleviate World Poverty — If They 

 Are Placed Under U.N. Administration Now 



(By Clark M. Eichelberger*) 



The last great frontier for natural resources on our planet is the sea. It also may 

 be the richest. Indeed, fragmentary exploration to date indicates that the wealth 

 that ultimately can be obtained from the five-sevenths of the earth's surface 

 covered by the sea may be almost beyond comprehension. 



We know, for example, as noted oceanographer Roger Revelle stated in SR 

 October 3, 1964, that lying on the deep sea floor are "incredibly large quantities 

 of black, potato-shaped nodules" which contain manganese, cobalt, copper, and 

 nickel whose gross recoverable values are estimated at S45 to $100 a ton. We know 

 of nodules in shallow water off Southern California that are thought to contain 

 as much as 60,000,000 tons of phosphatic materials; of titanium-bearing sands 

 believed to occur off Florida, India, Japan, Australia, and elsewhere; of the mining 

 of iron from magnetite-rich sand in shallow waters near Japan (7,000,000 tons of 

 ore were extracted from the floor of Tokyo Bay in just one four-year period) ; 

 and of diamond-bearing gravels off the southwest coast of Africa that jield about 

 five carats per ton^ — five times the average in diamond fields inland. 



This is only a sampling. But des^elopments to date demonstrate that, unless 

 action is taken soon, the world may face a power struggle for resources of the sea 

 that could equal or exceed the struggle for the resources of Africa and Asia in past 

 centuries. Consequently, almost nine years ago the Com.mission to Study the Or- 

 ganization of Peace, research affiliate of the United Nations Association of the 

 U.S.A., declared, "With respect to the bed of the high seas beyond the contiuental 

 shelf and outer space, which are outside the jurisdiction of any state, we urge the 



*Clark M. Eichelberger is chairman of the Commission to Study the Organization of Peace, research 

 affiliate of the United Nations Association of the U.S.A. 



