41 



they are trying to catch up. Another area we are going to have to watch 

 is weather control, which ties in very definitely with oceanography. 

 The knowledge of oceanography also is pertinent here. The new 

 Director of the Institute of Oceanology in Moscow, which is their 

 main Institute, comes from that background of knowledge and his 

 whole work has been in the interaction of the air and sea for weather 

 control. We are just going into that this morning in some discussions 

 with Dr. White of ESSA.^ We need to do greater work there because if 

 we do not, we are going to see Russia move right ahead in control of 

 the weather. When you start controlling the weather you are in a very 

 powerful position. 



Mr. Fascell. I agree with the desirability and necessity of the 

 studies which the gentleman is talking about. I want to thank you for 

 putting the specifics on the record. This is kind of, I guess, a funda- 

 mental difference: The Russians are always emphasizing applied 

 research in all fields, not just oceanography, as against the approach 

 of a balanced program, both applied and basic, which we use in the 

 United States. 



I am not sure the Russians are right but I would have to agree in 

 certain areas of applied research, both in oceanography and in be- 

 havioral sciences they have made tremendous strides. I wouldn't write 

 off basic research, however. Would you? 



Mr. Rogers. Definitely not; this must be done, this is fundamental. 



Mr. Fascell. The other note I want to add, of course, that 

 tremendous emphasis is being placed now at the Oceanographic 

 Center in Miami, and in the south Florida region, on studies of the 

 interaction of the atmosphere and water. We expect to make great 

 strides in these studies. 



Mr. Fountain? 



Mr. Fountain. No questions, Mr. Chairman, other than to com- 

 mend the gentleman from Florida for appearing before this sub- 

 committee. I compliment him on his thought provoking statements. 



Mr. Fascell. Mrs. Bolton? 



Mrs. Bolton. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



I have no questions. 



Mr. Fascell. Mr. Fraser? 



Mr. Fraser. Thank you. 



I want to commend my colleague for his appearance here this 

 morning and the information which he has brought to us. 



I gathered from your statement that your view of the question of 

 the disposition of the sources of the sea is that national sovereignty 

 should extend, in the case of the Atlantic, out to the mid-Atlantic. 



Mr. Rogers. For exploitation. 



Mr. Fraser Well, also in defense. 



Mr. Rogers. Yes, this is right. 



Mr. Fraser. You said defense? 



Mr. Rogers. This is right. 



Mr. Fraser. That is, defense of that occupation of that part of 

 the sea? 



Mr. Rogers. Well, I think if you are going to be able to occupy it, 

 you are going to have to be able to defend it. 



' Environmental Science Services Administration. 



