80 



Mr, Fascell. I should also like to mention that our hearing will 

 have to be cut short because of the signing of the Outer Space Treaty 

 at the White House at 11. A number of us have been invited to attend, 

 so we shall have to leave here no later than 10 :45. 



What we would like to do, gentlemen, is to put your prepared state- 

 ments in the record, if you have one, and ask you to summarize your 

 positions in about 10 minutes each. This will give us an opportunity 

 for some questions. 



With that, we would like to begin this morning with Mr. Eichel- 

 berger. 



STATEMENT OF CLARK M. EICHELBEEGEE, CHAIRMAN, COMMIS- 

 SION TO STUDY THE ORGANIZATION OF PEACE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 



IMr. EiCHELBERGER. Mr. Chairman, I have had the privilege of read- 

 ing some of the testimony of the previous hearing and have read your 

 statements then and your statement this morning. May I express, if it 

 is not presumptions, my appreciation of the fairness with which you 

 have outlined all of the implications of this great subject before us. 



Further, if it is not out of place for me to say, I am delighted that 

 this session is cut short this morning for the pleasure you will have of 

 seeing the great Treaty of Outer Space signed. It seems to me that 

 another area in which man has not made his sovereign claims, the sea, 

 is even a greater challenge to us than outer space. I would like some- 

 time in the future to have my testimony cut short because you were 

 going to the White House for the signing of a treaty dealing with the 

 sea. 



There have been in our time three great areas in which national 

 sovereign claims have not been made or in the case of Antarctica, par- 

 tially so. Following the explorations of courageous men in Antarctica, 

 there was danger that the vast area be marked by rival territorial 

 claims. Finally, by treaty it was agreed not to recognize future claims. 

 Military bases and fortifications were prohibited. 



Then in 1961 in the United Nations General Assembly, a great step 

 was taken to prevent extension of sovereign claims into outer space. 

 The resolution adopted then, and succeeding resolutions, have been in- 

 corporated in a treaty, the signing of which you are witnessing this 

 morning. 



Today, we are considering a third great area, an area that covers 

 seven-tenths of the earth's surface, where man's soverign claims have 

 not yet been made. It is an area that man has fought over, he has 

 travelled; he has fished in. However, he knows practically little more 

 about the sea itself that he does about outer space. But suddenly be- 

 cause of man's technological ability to mine the depths, because of the 

 increasing need of its resources, including fish protein, everyone is 

 talking about the sea and its exploration and its control. Consequently 

 the sea presents a very great problem before your committee. 



A rational order of the sea must be established if we are to avoid a 

 power struggle and colonial race. 



It seems to me that any rational order for the sea must have five ob- 

 jectives: First, it must prevent a colonial race or a power struggle. 

 Second, it must provide for the administration of the sea as a com- 



