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commercial, that are now carried out by the Department of the 

 Interior ? 



Dr. Cain. If there were an international agency, an agency of the 

 United Nations, for example, that had responsibility for coordinating 

 exploration and research in the oceans, you would have something com- 

 parable to what already exists in the Food and Agriculture Organiza- 

 tion and to some extent in other organizations like UNESCO. So that 

 there wouldn't be anything startingly new and different about this. 



AVlien you look at the total research accomplisliment in agriculture 

 and see the contributions of nations unilaterally as well as that through 

 FAO, you realize, I think one realizes, I seem to myself, that what the 

 international agency does tends to spread the research more globally 

 than perhaps national interests by themselves would to any one nation. 



We, I am sure, help support through the FAO and UNESCO many 

 kinds of research that we would not carry on unilaterally. The sum 

 total of which, however, is very good for the research entity of the 

 world as a whole. 



Mr. Frelinghuysen. If the chairman would permit, you are not 

 suggesting that if there should be some additional responsibility on the 

 part of the United Nations that individual national interests would 

 be restricted ? 



Dr. Cain. No; quite the reverse. I feel any such international or- 

 ganization would behave about like earlier ones have and do supple- 

 mental research, and national efforts would continue carrying on as 

 they had. 



Mr. Fascell. Dr. Cain, we would like to discuss briefly what other 

 Government agencies are involved in these maritime matters. For ex- 

 ample, what is the National Science Foundation doing? 



Dr. Cain. They have, very recently, by the action of the 89th Con- 

 gress, the supervision of the sea-grant program,^ which is a program 

 Avith colleges and universities primarily for the purpose of directing 

 research to ocean problems and, here, again, particularly with respect 

 to training of people who have the skills, who will have the skills in the 

 future to work on ocean problems. 



Mr. Fascell. This is a fundamental contribution to the whole science 

 of oceanography, that is, the input by universities and institutions to 

 provide training courses, and research, because without such a steady 

 input we would be limiting ourselves ? 



Dr. Cain. I think there is a growing effort in Government to in- 

 crease support, Federal aid one way or another, to the training of 

 oceanograpliic scientists of all sorts because the need exists today for 

 more than are bemg produced and an apparent need for the future 

 seems to be very much larger. 



Mr. Fascell, Wliat is the National Academy of Sciences doing? 



Dr. Cain. The National Academy of Sciences operates through com- 

 mittees to study problems on its own initiative or upon request. They 

 do this for Government and they do it for nongovernmental interests. 

 They are not a reserach outfit themselves, but have a considerable his- 

 tory of appraising conditions with respect to many questions of na- 

 tional interest and national policy. 



^ See appendix, p. 228, National Sea Grant College and Program Act of 1966. 



