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clear control first within territorial waters ; second, what is unilaterally 

 determined by the power of a nation's government as a claim on the 

 seabed ; and finally the continental shelf to 200 meters or beyond, as 

 the term is defined by international agreement. 



With respect to minerals, rather than things which move around 

 like fish, we come immediately into this problem of jurisdiction, and 

 you are absolutely right. It is clarified by degrees, and a great deal 

 is not clarified at all. In other words, there are many international 

 problems that are residual. 



This is one of the reasons for the Government's present position. We 

 not only don't know enough about the natural resources of the ocean, 

 the conditions of the oceans, how to benefit from them, but we don't 

 have a legal framework for deciding who gets the benefits. 



Mr. Fascell. It seems to me the crux of point No. 2, as far as U.S. 

 policy is concerned, is. What is contemplated by additional cooperative 

 international research? As soon as we know that, we will be able to 

 understand the policy. 



Dr. Cain. I can give you some information about it. 



Mr. Fascell. That would be very good. We would be pleased to have 

 whatever you can give us. 



Dr. Cain. Such a research program would emphasize the acquisition 

 and application of Imowledge to the resources of the seabed and sub- 

 soil by providing personnel, materiel, facilities, and other support for 

 the acquisition of knowledge. This is the research business we have 

 been talking about. 



There would be a sharing of the scientific studies of the seabed and 

 subsoil with other nations. There is nothing unique about this. In all of 

 our research under any of these international agreements we exchange 

 information. 



We would probably assist other nations to develop their related 

 capabilities in the field of marine science and technology and to co- 

 ordinate their national research efforts with those of other States in 

 the interest of gaining greater knowledge. This would mean where two 

 nations are contiguous in their interests that they would coordinate 

 to gain even greater knowledge, like the United States and Canada or 

 the United States and Mexico. Wliere we have a border, we would do 

 our planning for research to some extent jointly so that it doesn't stop 

 at an arbitrary line. 



[Security deletion.] 



Mr. Fascell. Has the Department of Interior concurred in this pro- 

 posal. Dr. Cain ? It seems that the Ambassador is about to make this 

 proposal, as I understand it. 



Dr. Cain. [Security deletion.] We have considered the matter. It 

 was considered by an Inter- Agency Committee on International Policy 

 in Marine Science. The committee was established at the request of the 

 Vice President, Chairman of the National Marine Council. 



Mr. Fascell. It would go to the State Department presumably ? 



Dr. Cain. That is one route. 



Now you get the possibility, you have the situation in which foreign 

 policy is the central responsibility of the State Department, the 

 President and the State Department. 



Mr. Fascell. What you are saying is that the Council sends its 



