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Article 3 



The rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf rlo not affect the legal 

 status of the superjacent waters as high seas, or that of the airspace above 

 those waters. 



Article 4 



Subject to its right to take reasonable measures for the exploration of the ron- 

 tinental shelf and the exploitation of its natural resources, the coastal State may 

 not impede the laying or maintenance of submarine cables or pipe lines on the 

 continental shelf. 



Article 5 



1. The exploration of the continental shelf and the explnlfation of it« natural 

 resources must not result in any unjustifiable interference with navigation, fish- 

 ing or the conservation of the living resources of the sea, nor result in any inter- 

 ference with fundamental oceanographic or other scientific research carried out 

 with the intention of open publication. 



2. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 6 of this article, the cmstal 

 State is entitled to construct and maintain or operate ou the continental shelf 

 installations and other devices necessary for its exploration and the exploitation 

 of its natural resources, and to establish safety zones around such installations 

 and devices and to take in those zones measures necessary for their protection. 



3. The safety zones referred to in paragraph 2 of this article may extend to a 

 distance of 500 metres around the installations and other devices which have 

 been erected, measured from each point of their outer edge. Ships of all na- 

 tionalties must respect these safety zone. 



4. Such installations and devices, though under the jurisdiction of the coastal 

 State, do not prossess the status of islands. They have no territorial sea of their 

 own, and their presence does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea 

 of the coatal State. 



5. Due notice must be given of the construction of any such installations, and 

 l»ermanent means for giving warning of their presence must be maintained. Any 

 installations which are abandoned or disused must be entirely removed. 



6. Neither the installations or devices, nor the safety zones around them, may 

 be established where interference may be caused to the use of recognized sea 

 lanes essential to international navigation. 



7. The coastal State is obliged to undertake, in the safety zones, all appro- 

 priate measures for the protection of the living resources of the sea from harm- 

 ful agents. 



8. The consent of the coastal State shall be obtained in respect of any research 

 concerning the continental shelf and undertaken there. Nevertheless the coastal 

 State shall not normally withhold its consent if the request is submitted by a 

 qualified institution with a view to purely scientific research into the physical 

 or biological characteristics of the continental shelf, subject to the proviso that 

 the coastal State shall have the right, if it so desires, to participate or to be 

 represented in the research, and that in any event the results shall be published. 



Article 6 



1. Where the same continental shelf is adjacent to the territories of two or 

 more States whose coasts are opposite each other, the boundary of the con- 

 tinental shelf appertaining to such States shall be determined by agreement 

 between them. In the absence of agreement, and unless another boundary line 

 is justified by special circumstances, the boundary is the median line, every 

 point of which is equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from 

 which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured. 



2. Where the same continental shelf is adjacent to the territories of two ad- 

 jacent States, the boundary of the continental shelf shall be determined by agree- 

 ment between them. In the absence of agreement, and unless another boundary 

 line is justified by special circumstances, the boundary shall be determined by 

 application of the principle of equidistance from the nearest points of the base- 

 lines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured. 



3. In delimiting the boundaries of the continental shelf, any lines which are 

 drawn in accordance with the principles set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this 



