262 



On an average, the institutions today are unable to accept more than 13 per- 

 cent of qualified applicants. The remedy for this situation at the present time 

 does not appear to be the organization of new institutes, since the mature and 

 experienced personnel needed to teach are in very short supply. Rather the. exist- 

 ing institutions should be provided with the necessary support to bring their pres- 

 ent facilities up to an optimum level, including both shore and ship requirements. 

 Especially is it necessary to provide ship time for student training at the estab- 

 lished institutions. 



Appendix I 



Notes on the Funding of Fundamental Research 



It is extremely difficult to identify the allocation of funding for oceanographic 

 research. This is due, primarily, to the fact that, although the Federal Govern- 

 ment puts out a considerable volume of statistics yearly, it is unfortunately true 

 that these are rarely broken down under the headings one desires. This is cer- 

 tainly true of the funding of oceanographic research, which has been tucked 

 away as part of other budgets for many many years. Further, since attempts 

 were begun to break out oceanographic statistics as such, the ground rules were 

 changed quite often, in .small areas, and were changed radically on at least three 

 occasions. The first occasion was ICO's extension, in fi.scal year 1967. of their 

 definition of the oceanographic budget to "include major components of ocean- 

 ographic engineering in MOHOLE and DSSP programs among other.s." The sec- 

 ond was the interpretation of the oceanographic budget made by the Panfl on 

 Oceanography of the President's Science Advisory Committee, also in 1967. The 

 third occurred with the action of the President's Council in adding "certain 

 classificKi naval programs ; ship and vehicle research : additional technological 

 developments related to .such subjects as fish, marine minerals, and energy 

 resources : and sea shore land use and recreation." These, of course, in large 

 meiisure form no part whatsoever of previous years' budgets or expenditure data. 

 It is understandable, then, that it is most difficult to be able to draw, and to 

 justify, conclusions concerning oceanographic research expenditures over the past 

 ye;trs. 



There are, then, at least three basic budgets with which we are dealing. The.se 

 are the so-called "Total Federal Oceanography" budget; the "National Ocean- 

 ographic Program" of ICO ; and the one with which we are primarily concerned, 

 the "Oceanographic Research" budget. Even this latter can be broken down 

 into two parts, the budget for basic research in institutions, and one concerned' 

 with basic research in Federal laboratories and elsewhere. 



Data concerning basic research in oceanography are impossible to separate 

 from statistics prior to 1963 ; in the five-year period ending 1967, however, basic 

 research expenditures increased by a factor of 1.3 times, while during that 

 same period total oceanographic expenditures were increasing 2.0 times. It can 

 be stated without any hesitation, then, that total support is rising at a rate 

 disproportionate to that of the increase in expenditures for basic research. The 

 total support, figure is thus increasing at a rate almost twice that the support 

 of basic research. 



It is demonstrable, however, that, speaking strictly in terms of obligations for 

 basic research of all kinds, the proportion of obligations assigned to educational 

 institutions, as such, as compared with total federal obligations for basic re- 

 search, has been declining steadily. In 1963, obligation for basic research 

 awarded to educational institutions as such was 33.59o of all obligations for 

 basic research : in 1964 the figure had decreased to 32.6% ; in 196.^1, the figure had 

 decreased to .32.2%. In 196.'">, intramural obligations accounted for 19.2% of the 

 total obligations ; 20.9% went to profit-making reserach organizations ; 5.4% went 

 to "other non-profit organizations" : and 15.6% went to research centers admin- 

 istered by educational institutions. 



Reference to Table II of the COLD presentation will indicate that that per- 

 centage of the federal oceanography expenditures devoted to basic research 

 has decreased from 13.7%- in 1963 to S.S% in 1967. 



The following quotation from the PSACPOO report diages 6.8-691 is pertinent. 

 "Applied research and development have grown more rapidly than basic research, 

 and it appears that technology in industrial components supported by the Fed- 

 eral Government is growing most rapidly of all." 



The Council's "Marine Science Affairs" states: "General purpose research 

 (which must be supported as a national policy to maintain an innovated capa- 



