(e) Rescue, search, and recovery of undersea objects; 
(f) Test and evaluation facilities ; 
(g) Oceanographic data and information services. 
Basic research and education are so vital to both the Navy and the 
national interest in the marine environment that they will be discussed 
singly in the next subsection. Research and development for under- 
sea weapons and sensors are the Navy’s purview, and any discussion 
must take into consideration the Navy’s requirements, which is beyond 
the scope of this Panel’s assignment. The Panel does recommend: 
1. Unclassified R & D information be made available in timely 
fashion. 
2. Classified R & D information in the area of sensor develop- 
ment be made more available to Federal and industrial com- 
munities having application for the data than has been the case. 
The judgment of the Panel is that current Navy classification poli- 
cies often weigh short range and narrow security considerations too 
heavily as compared to the longer range security which must be gained 
by more rapid and effective development of the scientific and techno- 
logical base from which its systems are derived. Our recommenda- 
tion therefore is that the Navy review its classification policies with 
a view to furthering more rapid progress by increasing the diffusion 
of deep sea technology. While information that will compromise 
military systems must be classified, advantages of wide diffusion and 
input diversity from scientific and industrial communities generally 
outweigh any risk involved. 
Mapping and charting, sometimes referred to as hydrographic sur- 
veys, are responsibilities of the Defense Intelligence Agency. Ocean 
mapping and charting by the Navy are executed as part of the total 
national oceanographic program. Military requirements dictate a 
greater degree of accuracy in charting the ocean bottom than is re- 
quired by other Federal agencies. Therefore, no quantitative recom- 
mendations can be made with respect to the Navy’s survey program 
requirements. However, criticism applicable to the survey program 
of ESSA is equally valid with respect to the Navy’s Hydrographic 
Survey Program (see sec. 4-6). The Panel concurs on the recent 
action to establish an R & D program in Navy mapping and charting 
and recommends: 
1. A minimum expenditure of $2 million per year in light of 
significant Navy expenditures in mapping and charting. 
2. Continuation of commercial ship leasing for added survey 
requirements. 
Undersea technology is that general area of ocean engineering not 
associated directly with specific defense systems. The ability to con- 
struct towers on the ocean floor, general undersea navigational con- 
cepts, and deep undersea materials technology form part of the Navy’s 
30 
