endurance and maneuvering capabilities in the vehicles (see secs. 4.1, 
4.2,4.3,4.4). It was fully 3 weeks after the loss of the nuclear weapon 
before any deep-ocean equipment was on the scene and an adequate 
surface-navigation network established. This portion of the Navy’s 
program is now limited to one R & D prototype search-test vehicle 
with limited depth capability. In the area of large-object salvage the 
initial goal, salvaging an attacked submarine from its collapse depth, 
has been restricted by lack of funds to a 1970 operational capability 
of 600 feet, the depth of the continental shelves. Backup studies will 
enable implementation of desired capabilities, should adequate fund- 
ing be made available. 
In the area of extending man’s capabilities as a free swimmer at de- 
sired depths, the Navy is performing only the minimum necessary, 
specific physiological research and development through controlled 
experiments in shore-based pressure facilities (see sec. 4.11). This 
work is supported by a series of experiments (Sea Lab 1 and 2 being 
completed and Sea Lab 3 scheduled for February 1967). These experi- 
ments are expected to continue until there is a demonstrated capability 
as deep as 1,000 feet. 
In summary the four specific areas of effort recommended by the 
Deep Submergence Systems Review Group to the Secretary of the 
Navy regarding implementation and operational capabilities continue 
to be hampered by funding limitations. A worldwide rescue capability 
will be available in 1970. There is no planned capability for locating 
and recovering small objects from ocean depths beyond 6,000 feet (the 
mean depth of the ocean is 12,000 feet). The effort to extend free- 
swimmer capability into depths is proceeding on schedule but lacks 
adequate physiological and biomedical research (see sec. 4.11). The 
Navy’s salvage capabilities for intact submarines will be limited to 
the Continental Shelf. 
3.4. THE NAVY’S ROLE IN EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 
Although the Navy’s role in ocean science is separable and clearly 
mission-oriented, the Panel feels very strongly that it should continue 
to be closely linked with academic education and research. In the past 
this connection has been mutually profitable. Academic oceanography 
would hardly exist if the Navy, chiefly through the Office of Naval 
Research, had not provided leadership and imaginative support during 
the past 20 years. This is a debt universally and freely acknowledged 
by research oceanographers. On the Navy’s side support of broad re- 
search has provided substantial information about oceans necessary to 
carry out its present mission. In addition many research tools devel- 
oped for basic oceanography have served as prototypes for operation- 
ally useful equipment. Examples include explosive echo-ranging, the 
bathythermograph, deep-sea-moored buoys, deep submersibles, under- 
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