12 



that by 1980 the power industry will use the equivalent of one-fifth of 

 the fresh water runo€ of the United States for cooling water. 



Recreation is one of this country's fastest growing industries and 

 marine recrea,tion is becoming more popular and varied. Scuba diving 

 and surfing have become major sports in the last 20 years. I think 

 California's plan to develop underwater parks is the trend of the 

 future. 



I believe we will see small submarines and underwater habitats 

 widely used for recreation in another 20 years. 



Rather than talk about all the fishing problems, let me mention 

 something about aquaculture. If we are to consider aquaculture 

 seriously, we must face up to some of its implications as to water and 

 shoreline use. There are those who believe the major problem facing- 

 aquaculture is not learning how to grow seafood economically, but 

 overcoming the variety of local, State, and Federal laws and manage- 

 ment practices necessary to encourage such programs. For example, 

 developing a raft oyster industry in navigable waters may be a difficult 

 problem in some States. 



The growth of the offshore oil and gas industry is well known. 

 There are now some 16,000 offshore walls in the United States alone. 

 Offshore production accounts for some 16 percent of the total produc- 

 tion today and is heading toward 33 percent. Industry investment in 

 offshore programs is about a billion dollars a jenv and still growing. 



Last but far from least, the coastal zone is used as a receptacle for 

 pollutants. If there is one common rallying cry around the country 

 today it is that we must do something more to stop pollution. Pollution 

 is more than a coastal zone problem, but I think our proposed coastal 

 zone authorities will aid in this effort. 



THE MANAGEMENT PROBLEM OF THE COASTAL ZONE 



A major conclusion of our Commission was that the primary 

 problem in tb.e coastal zone was a management problem with all the 

 attendant problems that proper management imjDlies. It is true that 

 the Federal, State, and local govenmients share the responsibility to 

 develop and manage the coastal zone. In reviewing the situation, we 

 concluded that effective management to date has been thwarted by the 

 variety of Government jurisdictions involved at all levels of Govern- 

 ment, the low priority afforded to marine matters by State govern- 

 ments, the diffusion of responsibility among State agencies and the 

 failure of State agencies to develop and implement long range plans. 



Having said all this about the problems in the States, I would also 

 add that until relatively recently, navigation — over which Federal 

 authoritj" is preeminent — has tended to dominate other uses of the 

 coastal zone, and perhaps for this reason. States have been slow to 

 assume their responsibilities. 



The Federal role in the coastal zone has grown haphazardly. Closely 

 related functions are discharged by the Coast Guard, Army Corps of 

 Engineers, Department of Housing and Urban Development, a num- 

 ber of bureaus of tlie Department of Interior and several other Federal 

 agencies. 



The Federal Government has sponsored planning activities in certain 

 coastal areas through river basin commissions and Federal activity 

 is itself coordinated through the Water Resources Council and the 



