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important. We took the time out to start listing each governmental 

 function that occurred in the coastal zone. We were kind of surprised 

 to find that there were just many, many of them that fell into a 

 peculiarly local nature, many that fell into a peculiarly State nature, 

 and many that fell into a peculiarly Federal nature. 



Then there was that gray area that, depending on what your thinking 

 was, it fell either into all the categories or two of the categories. 



What I am saying to you is, let's not fall into that same trap in draft- 

 ing new legislation in terms of just creating some State authorities. 

 Let's not fall into that cubicle trap. Let's not fear venturing a little bit 

 more. 



Whether you like it or not, we have to recognize that there are many, 

 many Federal arms that are already in the mdividual States, already 

 in this coastal zone. Why ?' To a great extent, out of necessity. 



I don't have to start itemizing them here for you. You all know 

 the various Federal agencies and functions that fall into that coastal 

 zone, that have jurisdiction that is well recognized and well known 

 as being recognized in our individual State boundaries. 



I submit that there is — and I am not here to debate it from the legal 

 standpoint ; I suspect that someday this will occur before some of our 

 courts — that there is valid, legal basis at this time in our history to 

 extend that Federal jurisdiction on the basis of the national interest 

 in the coastal zone. 



And, yes, I am interjecting the Commerce clause a little bit more. 

 Yes, programs I am talking about stretch, perhaps, in some of your 

 minds, some of the other clauses of the Constitution. We don't have 

 the time to get into the details of that particular theory. 



I would like to end by saying to you that I would like to propose 

 today that we forget about this voluntary program, and that we set up 

 truly a Federal umbrella, and that this umbrella be vested with the duty 

 of coordinating the Federal maze, and acting as a top of the pyramid 

 for the regional or "system" programs. 



I would like to suggest also that those areas not be set up in terms of 

 State boundaries, but rather in terms of regional boundaries. 



I can think, without being a professional in the scientific and tech- 

 nical end of it, of five good regions, and I am sure that technically there 

 are others that can better set up five regional areas to be treated on a 

 regional basis, and that within these regions, yes, there would be sub- 

 regions, and yes, there would be State representation. 



I have submitted the details of that proposal in detail today. Eventu- 

 ally. I think, when the record is printed, you can go through it and 

 criticize it. Unfortunately, I am not going to have time to go through 

 the details of it other than to say to you that it is not a proposal to 

 give Federal domination, but it is, in fact, a proposal to attempt to 

 coordinate, to attempt to reflect some genuine national interest, but on 

 the other hand, to provide Federal leadership with a responding re- 

 sponsibility in the States, and vesting in the individual States the 

 powers that they presently have. 



I don't think we are at the point in history when we have to start 

 being jealous about the powers. They all coexist. 



But ladies and gentlemen here today, I would like to say to you 

 that it would be a big mistake to pass legislation that is going to be 



