73 



Extensive powers, respecting other areas, such as pollution, dredging, di-ain- 

 age, water resources, solid waste disposal, engineering and related standards 

 are essential. Where overlapping and duplication vdth existing activities occur, 

 coordination will be easily obtained. 



Final and ultimate resolution of problem area and conflicts in policy, regional 

 plans, activities and the like will be vested in this body. 



JD. Financial 



The financial structure, as the percussion of the orchestra, shall provide the 

 tempo and beat of the program. Without strength and power a meek composition 

 can be anticipated. The proposed administrative structure lends itself to a com- 

 bination and pooling of many powerful sources of funds. Federal funding. State 

 and Local funding and Authority Bonding are available. 



Independent and combined financial structures will be necessary. The regional 

 regime must of necessity be financially independent and dependent also — financial 

 independence by State and Local funding and its own bonding power respecting 

 localized and regional projects and missions : financially dependent upon federal 

 funding regarding matters general to aid regional plans and to excuse the overall 

 master plan. Further, Federal funding, made available to the regional authori- 

 ties will aid the cause of regional and public acceptance. 



Sturdy and time-tested financial concepts regarding capital improvements of 

 the past can be utilized, such as special assessments, bonding and the like. Nev»' 

 and progressive concepts such as an inter-municipal, inter-State and/or Federal- 

 State tax sharing pool, self-liquidating public projects such as beaches, marinas 

 and other waterfront developments, and leasing of sovereign owned land may be 

 utilized. 



This federal umbrella can immediately and sensibly be interjected in and 

 administered out of the Department of Interior and upon creation in the 

 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency. 



E. Federal review 



An essential aspect of the overall program will be that of necessary federal 

 review. As recognized by the Commission, continuing overlapping federal review 

 will be a constant need. 



ii* * * j^ jg imperative that the national interest be protected. If for any 

 reason a coastal zone authority cannot act in the public interest, the federal 

 government should participate in the actions of the coastal zone authority. 

 Regardless, the federal government should have power of review. The federal 

 review role is critical. In our discussions with those in the area we found general 

 agreement that the state should manage the coastal zone ; they have the respon- 

 sibility and have or at least should have the detail local knowledge necessary 

 for sound management. However, there may be times when local pressu^res will 

 tend to force the coastal zone authority to act in a manner not in the national 

 interest. The mere threat of federal review will often sufiice. If not, the federal 

 government should be empowered to act in the public interest." 



It is respectfully suggested that a program that is premised on voluntary 

 participation of the states would not give the necessary degree of federal 

 review or at least would not give the necessary degree of power to effectuate 

 enforcement after federal review. Strong national objectives and standards must 

 be set and a collateral power to enforce the same must exist with the strength 

 to enable the interjection of the federal interface in the event the national 

 objectives and standards are not complied with after a determination based upon 

 federal review. 



F. Coastal zone lal)oratories 



Integrated and essential to the overall coastal zone and estuarine area pro- 

 gram must be the Commission's recommendation that coastal zone laboratories 

 be established in association with appropriate academic institutions to engage in 

 the scientific investigation required in the estuarine and coastal areas. The report 

 extensively and overwhelmingly justifies the need for a continuance and increase 

 in the separateness of scientific research from the formal governmental structure, 

 yet receiiving full and complete federal financial support. The estuarine and 

 coastal processes must be studied and continued in a scientific atmoshpere; the 

 results are essential to the advice of both the federal government and state 

 structures managing this zone. 



The National Oceanic & Atmospheric Agency, under the direction of the 

 National Sea Grant Program, should have the prime responsibility to provide 



