104 



It must be responsive to the short- and long-term needs of the man- 

 agers and planners ; hence, it must be coupled closely enough to serve, 

 but not so much so that its research results and advice cannot be objec- 

 tively obtained and given without fear of censorship or reprisal. 



Since many of the questions or problems which arise can only be 

 answered by a coordinated, mutidisciplinary, broad scale, concentrated 

 approach within a specific time frame, there must be scientists, engi- 

 neers, and other technical assistants of a number, and variety, suffi- 

 cient to the task. Because the problems are difficult, these persons must 

 be professionally capable and they must, as a unit, be as concerned, or 

 more so, with contributing to the management system as they are to 

 making their marks with the scientific community. The skills and in- 

 terests of the entire personnel must be capable of being focused on the 

 problem at hand. 



Though much of the research of this "coastal zone laboratory" would 

 be of the "mission oriented" variety, it can and, for cogent and potent 

 organizational and technical reasons, should support a reasonable 

 amount of research of a more fundamental type. 



Besides the applied and basic research functions, there must be a 

 "firefighting" or emergency or contingency response apparatus and, if 

 the technical activities are really going to be consolidated and coordi- 

 nated within our "coastal zone labroatory," monitoring and survey 

 capabilities must be present. Of course, not all have to be consolidated 

 in the "coastal zone laboratory." Some of these functions might be 

 accomplished within the organizational structure of the management 

 segment of the system. Experience teaches, however, that they are 

 essential features of an effective coastal management system. 



If the teclinical agency is also going to be asked for economic evalu- 

 ations on its solutions and advisories, some professional capability in 

 economics should also be included in our "coastal zone laboratorj^" 

 or, better still, "coastal zone institute" since the institute format is 

 most suitable. Important legal and sociological activities also may be 

 involved within our institute but they could work as well or better 

 within the management agency, itself. 



Aside from the scientific and technical capabilities, characteristics 

 and activities mentioned immediately above and equally (or more) 

 important, there must be regular meclianisms for conveying informa- 

 tion and advice to our managers and planners. These data and ad- 

 visories must be as unambiguous as possible, with suggested actions 

 and priorities where options are necessary or available, and offered to 

 the decisionmakers in form that is useful to them — and in time. This 

 is an essential quality and one which cannot be met easily, given the 

 nature of the problems and of scientists and academicians and their 

 institutions. 



Decisionmaking is accomplished at several levels — private as well as 

 public, individual as well as corporate — and an important goal is to 

 effect planning and management as harmoniously as possible. Thus, 

 communications should be with user groups as well as with the public 

 management units. Advisory services must be available to all impor- 

 tant users and managers as they are needed. Further, advice rendered 

 has to be objective, yet realistically useful. (And the technical adviser 

 has to be prepared to accept his role as an adviser with all of its limita- 

 tions. He must have, of course, the necessary determination and 



