105 



initiative to attempt to persuade when evidence indicates that a 

 management decision or plamiing action is unwise or not feasible.) 



Tliere must be rapport, interaction, responsibility, respectability, 

 capability, reason and practicality in the "coastal zone laboratory or 

 institute" unit. The scientific and technical advisers must, in the last 

 analysis, be allies of the public planning and management agencies 

 they serve — with certain obligations and loyalties, objective yet parti- 

 sanly so in the public's behalf. Other interests will be represented 

 in the give-and-take of hearings, some of which can be of the full public 

 type and some of the antagonistic-protagonistic quasi- judicial sort. 



Aside from the necessary scientific and technical personnel, with 

 the necessary supporting personnel, it is clear that adequate scientific 

 and engineering facilities are needed by our institute. Among them 

 are the latest in land and ocean vehicles and platforms, laboratory 

 equipment, computers, and simulation devices. 



Despite opinions held in some quarters, coastal zone research is not 

 necessarily less expensive than oceanic research. In place of costly 

 vessels and deep submergence vehicles, one has need for complex arrays 

 of instrumentation for coastal research, monitoring and control-feed- 

 back operations. Hydraulic scale models of the estuaries and coastal 

 areas in question, as well as mathematical simulation capability, are 

 vital to effective coastal zone planning management and research. 

 These are costly items— but necessary. For example, it cost about 

 $600,000 to answer the question, "Will deepening the James River 

 Navigation Channel to 35 feet damage the seed oyster beds of the 

 James Estuary ?" The greatest cost was a $300,000 plus hydraulic scale 

 model of the Tidal James. This was expensive ; yet the stakes, a $45- 

 $50 million channel and $10-$15 million shellfishery, were at question. 



With the costly personnel and facilities described above, it is possi- 

 ble for our "coastal zone laboratory" to perform yet a third important 

 function — that of training future coastal zone scientists, engineers, 

 planners, and managers. Effective coastal zone management will be a 

 problem as long as man and society exist and replacements will be 

 needed. 



To enhance its program and broaden its capabilities, the "coastal 

 zone institute," of which I have been speaking, should have access to 

 the capabilities, talents, and services within the faculties of the private 

 and public institutions of higher learning- within its sphere b,y formal 

 and informal affiliations, service arrangements, and through the 

 medium of grants to those institutions. Access to capabilities of indus- 

 try is also essential. 



The laboratory must be well and permanently supported by the 

 State management and planning agency (ies) it serves (preferably 

 directly by the General Assembly) and it must be protected and given 

 longevity and continuity. It should have access to all possible sources 

 of funding. 



It can either be affiliated with, even part of, (a) the management 

 agency, (5) an independent research and service agency of the political 

 subdivision, serving all management and planning agencies in_ that 

 subdivision, if separate, or (c) a part of a public institution of higher 

 education. If the first, it must be buffered from destructive pressures ; 

 if the last, it must be separate, viable and responsive and independently 

 financed institute or similar identifiable scientific unit capable of 



