in 



The coastal zone problems which they describe have been defined, 

 explored, and discussed in terms of solutions by several consultant 

 l^anels convened by the Federal Council on Science and Technology, 

 by the President's Science Advisory Committee's Panel on Oceanog- 

 raphy, by the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Oceanog- 

 raphy, by the National Academy of Engineering, Committee on 

 Ocean Engineering, by the National Security Industrial Association, 

 by the Committee on Eesources of the National Chamber of Com- 

 merce, and by several scientific and professional societies. 



Considering the diversity of backgrounds of these organizations, 

 there is surprising conformity in the manner in which they have ap- 

 proached the problems and similarity among their recommendations 

 for solutions thereto. 



The Comixdssion emphasized the need for broad surveys to establish 

 basic national inventory information, followed by continuous and 

 detailed studies of specific local conditions. 



These recommendations were made in light of the extremely com- 

 plicated and difficult balance which must be the keyword in any treat- 

 ment of coastal zone problems, and which has been alluded to by almost 

 all of the previous speakers. 



This need for balance is evident in considering the mission of a 

 coastal zone laboratory, which is to provide practical and applicable 

 scientific engineering knowledge on which the management and utiliza- 

 tion of the coastal zone may be developed rationally. 



It specifically involves resolution of multiple-use problems, or, when 

 complete and satisfactory resolution is not possible, information on 

 which judgment may be exercised regarding the best public interest. . 



Accordingly, research requirements would encompass information 

 and data respecting pollution and waste disposal, environmental main- 

 tenance and improvement, conservation, efficient harvest of natural re- 

 sources, and, of course, recreation. 



These laboratories, and for this particular purpose I will lump 

 together and not distinguish between the Federal and the university 

 laboratories, should be able to develop models from which the conse- 

 quences of human actions can be predicted. 



Further, coastal zone laboratories research should involve the social 

 sciences, including law, economics, sociology, and administration of 

 marine science programs. Information and extension services should 

 be developed and provided, as well. 



To describe specific kinds of research requirements, it is in order to 

 quote from the report of the Panel on Management and Development 

 of the Coastal Zone of the Commiission, and I should like to read into 

 the record their statement that : 



Much more needs to be known about the physical processes that shape our 

 coastlines and estuaries : How, for instance, combinations of waves, tides, and 

 currents affect deposition and erosion; the sources of beach sands, and when 

 and how it is naturally removed from beaches ; and the effect of storm surges. 



Simulation of obsers^ed conditions through the construction of hydraulic scale 

 models and mathematical models will improve predictions of the effects of 

 change. 



More needs to^ be known of the marine organisms and biological processes of 

 the coastal zone. Detailed information on the food web, tolerances of each species 

 to environmental change, and the distribution and abundance of organisms must 

 be obtained to make the effective use of this rich region. 



Lack of basic understanding prevents the effective use of nearshore waters. 



