TEST A: EXPLOSION IN AIR 



The CRITTENDEN, another 426-foot merchant- 

 type attack transport, received heavy damage of the 

 same general type described in the previous paragraph. 



Other ships badly mauled were : the cruisers SALT 

 LAKE CITY and PENSACOLA, and the destroyers 

 HUGHES and RHIND. The concrete oil barge YO- 

 160 suffered lesser damage, and significant damage was 

 suffered by the aircraft carrier SARATOGA, the de- 

 stroyer TALBOT, the concrete drydock ARI)C-13, the 

 merchant-type attack transport DAWSON, and LST- 

 52. Among the other ships suffering negligible to mod- 

 erate damage were the ])attleships NEW YORK and 

 PENNSYLVANIA. 



WHAT IS DAMAGE? 



How was the wealth of ship-damage data to be 

 summarized ? This question puzzled Admiral Parsons ' 

 technical experts from the outset. Various schemes 

 were proposed for synthesizing the almost endless 

 stream of data into simple generalizations. It would 

 be convenient to be able to say: '^ Ships are sunk at 

 ranges as great as X yards, badly damaged out to Y 

 yards, and slightly damaged out to Z yards." But it 

 was recognized from the outset that no such simple 

 rules could be expected. Each type of ship has a dif- 

 ferent vulnerability; and even within a single type of 

 ship, newer ships may not be of the same vulnerability 

 as older ships. Ship aspect, too, must be important. A 



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