276 OCEANOGRAPHY 1961 — PHASE 3 



ship be used for basic research, and if this use ceases, the title returns 

 to the United States, if there is no privilege to use this as an asset of 

 a research institute in terms of sale, without approval and complete 

 acquiescence on the part of the Science Foundation. So that this title 

 is one which is held only in terms of the use planned for basic research 

 in oceanography. It could be diverted to no other use, nor could it 

 be diverted to an asset of a private institution. 



Mr. Bauer. How about the depreciation rate? Are you going to 

 follow the Government procedure of never depreciating a ship but 

 carrying it at its full value ? 



Dr. Fye. That has not been discussed with the Science Foundation. 

 We ha^^e not thought of doing it in any other way. I would be very 

 pleased to have any advice on that point that could be offered. 

 Mr. Bauer. How about the maintenance ? 



Dr. Fte. The maintenance of all of our ships is supported through 

 our operating budgets, which I have already mentioned. 



Mr. Bauer. In other words, the Office of Naval Kesearch would 

 maintain the ship that was given you by the National Science Founda- 

 tion? 



Dr. Fye. I would not anticipate that the Navy would supply spe-- 

 cific funds for a ship funded by the Science Foundation. No, sir. 



Mr. Bauer. Well, regardless of that, if they give you the money and", 

 you take the money out of that pot to maintain the ship, that comes; 

 "from the Navy, does it not ? 



Dr. Fye. The way we budget for our ships, we determine as best- 

 we can in advance the operating cost for a year. This is allocated in 

 terms of the cost per day of a ship at sea. Our ships are running 

 anywhere from 250 to 300 days at sea, a very heavy use factor. 



The total costs are reviewed at the end of each 6-month period, and 

 then the cost per day at sea, which includes maintenance, which in- ^ 

 eludes crew costs, which includes all the costs of operating a ship, are , 

 allocated to the various contracts or grants that we have in hand,., 

 or our own institution funds, depending upon the actual usage of " 

 the ship in each of the research projects. 

 Mr. Bauer. Thank you, Dr. Fye. 

 That is all the questions I have. 



Dr. Fye, I forgot one thing. You mentioned that there is no need." 

 for standardization with respect to oceanographic essentials, as you 

 are using nothing but physics and chemistry and so on. Is that:, 

 correct ? 



Dr. Fye. I stated that I believe the primary standards of science 

 in the fundamental disciplines on which oceanography depends are 

 adequate in this science, as in all other sciences. 

 Mr. Bauer. What is your standard of salinity ? 



Dr. Fye. The standard of salinity is determined by first of all ob- - 

 taining so-called standard water from Copenhagen, which is used 

 throughout the world. But this in turn is only a reference standard, 

 which is analyzed in terms of the multiple constituents of sea water. 

 And you must actually determine by other means, and as many scien- 

 tific chemical means as possible, the total constituents, to understand ' 

 what is meant by using standard water now obtained from Copen- - 

 hagen. 



