326 OCEANOGRAPHY 1961 — PHASE 3 



STATEMENTS OF BR. RICHARD H. BOLT, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR 

 (RESEARCH) ; DR. RANDAL M. ROBERTSON, ASSISTANT DIREC- 

 TOR FOR MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING 

 SCIENCES; CHARLES RUTTENBERG, DEPUTY GENERAL COUNSEL; 

 DR. JOHN T. WILSON, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR BIOLOGICAL 

 AND MEDICAL SCIENCES; DR. WILLIAM E. BENSON, PROGRAM 

 DIRECTOR FOR EARTH SCIENCES; AND DR. JOHN LYMAN, AS- 

 SOCIATE PROGRAM DIRECTOR FOR EARTH SCIENCES, NATIONAL 

 SCIENCE FOUNDATION 



Dr. EoBERTsoN. Good morning, Mr. Chairman. 



The Chairman. Have you anyone with you, Doctor, that you want 

 us to hear? 



Dr. KoBERTSON. Yes, sir. Dr. Bolt, our Associate Director for Re- 

 search, is here. I believe Dr. Waterman wants him to answer ques- 

 tions regarding general policies of the National Science Foundation. 

 We also have Dr. William E. Benson, our Program Director for Earth 

 Sciences, Dr. John T. Wilson, Assistant Director for Biological and 

 Medical Sciences, Dr. John Lyman, Associate Program Director for 

 Earth Sciences in charge of our oceanography program, and Mr. 

 Charles B. Ruttenberg, our Deputy General Counsel. 



Mr. Miller. Fine. Of course, the phase of this we are interested in 

 is that which pertains to oceanography. We realize that the National 

 Science Foundation covers a wide range of activities but, other than 

 oceanography, they do not come within the jurisdiction of this com- 

 mittee, so we will confine ourselves to oceanography, or the things 

 which are relevant to it. 



Do you want to proceed. Doctor ? Suppose you pick up the ques- 

 tioning, Mr. Bauer. 



Mr. Bauer. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



At the last session, it was brought out, if I may review it for the 

 moment because I do not think Dr. Bolt was here, on the method of 

 giving grants that the decision was apparently left in the hands of an 

 advisory group of scientists that also were recipients of grants. 



I wonder if Dr. Bolt would care to talk to the subject of the grant- 

 ing process and as to whether or not there is any question that can 

 arise from the grantees being the deciding body as to the issuance of 

 grants. 



Dr. Bolt. May I make a general comment about this kind of prob- 

 lem first and then tie it in specifically with the oceanographic 

 question. 



Mr. Bauer. Please do. 



Dr. Bolt. There are two aspects here that are important to recog- 

 nize. The first is that we certainly want to support the very best m 

 science. We want to support the outstanding scientific investigators. 

 At the same time, we want our advisory body to be of the very high- 

 est possible caliber because only by having top quality scientific judg- 

 ment in our advisory groups and panels arewe able to insure that we 

 are supporting first-rate research. Every so often our advisory body 

 is going to contain one of these top scientists who also is the sort of 



