374 OCEANOGRAPHY 1961 — PHASE 3 



As additional support for including the Great Lakes in the proposed oceanog- 

 raphy program, we respectfully direct your attention to a recent report by a 

 committee of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. This report, 

 published as a supplement to volume 6 of "Limnology and Oceanography," states 

 as follows : 



"Special opportunity for the expansion of education for oceanography exists in 

 the universities of the Great Lakes area. A number of these have been active 

 for many years in the fields of aquatic biology and limnology and are already 

 teaching and conducting research in many aspects of oceanography. Ohio State 

 University has supported a productive research laboratory on Lake Brie and at 

 the University of Michigan the Great Lakes Research Institute provides a center 

 from which a broad program of investigation of the larger lakes is being con- 

 ducted. Many of the concepts and techniques employed in the study of the Great 

 Lakes are identical with those of oceanography. Small lakes, in which conditions 

 may be controlled and experimentally modified, are advantageous for giving 

 students experience in the study of many special problems in aquatic science. 

 Many men trained in the Great Lakes area are contributing effectively to 

 oceanography. 



"Adequate ships are badly needed for research which should be done in the 

 Great Lakes. Until they are available the opportunities for providing students 

 with practical experience in the techniques of oceanographic investigation in this 

 area will be limited." 



In the Commission's view both the contributions which studies of the Great 

 Lakes can make to oceanographic research generally and the contribution which 

 such studies can make to improved management of the water resources of the 

 Great Lakes thus indicate the importance of including the Great Lakes in any 

 new Federal oceanography program. 



We understand that H.R. 4276 would include the Great Lakes and the expanded 

 program in marine sciences which the bill proposed and on that basis herewith 

 indicate our support for the enactment of the bill. 

 Sincerely yours, 



Marvin Fa,st, Executive Director. 



The University of Michigan, 

 Instittjte of Science and Technology, 



Great Lakes Research Division, 



Ann Arbor, Mich., July IJf, 1961. 

 Hon. George P. Miller, 



Chairman, Subcommittee on Oceanography, Committee on Merchant Marine and 

 Fisheries, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. 

 Dear Congressman Miller: My concern for the development of the aquatic 

 sciences of the United States stems from professional interests as well as con- 

 siderations of national economy ; therefore, I submit the following comments in 

 support of your committee's commendable legislative efforts as expressed in 

 H.R. 4276. 



(1) In order to effectively expand and develop the aquatic resources of this 

 country, a thorough knowledge of our rivers, lakes, and oceans is requisite. 



(2) It is essential, in the effort to solve problems related to our aquatic 

 resources, that the major emphasis be placed on basic problems rather than on 

 specific waters or geographical areas. The goal should be to use the waters best 

 suited to solve a particular problem ; in one instance it may be the oceans, and in 

 another, lakes or streams. 



(3) Basic problems such as biological productivity, water quality, disposal of 

 radioactive wastes, air-water interface phenomena, underwater acoustics, etc., 

 need to be studied concurrently in waters of different salinities and sizes. 

 Small lakes, in contrast to oceans, afford opportunities for experimental research 

 of a more definitive nature, and because of their small size and ready accessi- 

 bility offer the advantage of economy of time and money. On the other hand, 

 oceans are better suited for the large-scale study of basic problems and the 

 phenomena peculiar to large bodies of water. 



