CONTENTS 



Introduction 



The Sixteenth Century 



The Seventeenth Century 



The Eighteenth Century 



The Nineteenth Century 



The Twentieth Century 



Appendixes: 



A — Crossing the River Platte 



B — Crossing by Air 



C — Crossing on Land 



D — Crossing in Scandinavian Waters 



Chronology of Writers by Nationality 



Index of Names 



Illustrations : 



Robert Cruikshank's "Crossing the Line" 

 Augustus Earle's "Crossing the Line" 



3 

 15 

 19 

 35 

 67 

 179 



215 

 217 

 218 

 220 



235 



237 



Frontispiece 

 facing page 131 



