THE FUR-SEAL ISLANDS OF ALASKA. 



55 



seals enjoy. Just around tbe point, a low reach of rocky bar and beach connects it with the ridge-walls of South- 

 west point: a very small breeding-rookery, so small that it is not worthy of a survey, is located here; I think, 

 ])robably, on account of the nature of the ground, that it will never hold its own, and is more than likely abandoned 

 by this time. 



One of the prehistoric villages, the village of Pribv lov's time, was established here between the point and 

 the cemetery ridge, on which the northern wing of Zapaduie rests. The old burying-grouud, with its characteristic 

 Russian crosses and f;xded pictures of the saints, is plainly marked on the ridge. It was at this little bight of sandy 

 landing that Pribjlov's men first came ashore and took possession of the island, while others in the same season 

 proceeded to Northeast point and to the north shore, to establish settlements of their own order. When the 

 indiscriminate sealing of 18CS was in progress, one of the parties lived here, and a salt-house which was then 

 erected by them still stands; it is in a very fair state of preservation, although it has never been since occupied, 

 except by the natives who come over here from the village in the summer to pick the berries of the Empetrum and 

 L'ubus, which abound in the greatest profusion around the rough and rocky ilats that environ the little adjacent lake. 

 The young people of St. Paul are very foud of this berry-festival, so-called among themselves, and they stay here 

 every August, camping out, a week or ten days at a time, before returning to their homes in the village. 



Zapaduie rookery has, the two wings included, .1,880 feet of sea-margin, with an average depth of 150 feet, 

 making ground for 441,000 breeding-seals and their young, being the second rookery on the island as to size and 

 im])ortance. 



The "holluschickie" that sport here on the parade-plateau, and indeed over all of the western extent of the 

 English bay hauling-grounds, have never been visited by the natives for the purpose of selecting killing drives since 

 1872, inasmuch as more seals than were wanted have always been procured from Zoltoi, Lukaunon, and Lower Tolstoi 

 points, which are all very close to the village. I have been told, since making this survey, that during the past 

 year the breeding-seals of Zapadnie have overflowed, so as to occupy all of the sand-strip which is vacant between 

 them on the accompanying map. 



PoLAViNA ROOKKKV.— Half-way between the village and Northeast point lies Polaviua, another one of the 

 seven large breeding-grounds on this island. The conspicuous cone-shaped head of Polaviua Sopka rises cleai-ly 

 cut and smooth from the plateau at its base, 

 which falls two miles to the eastward and 



southeastward, sharj) off into the sea, present- 

 ing a bluff margin over a mile in length, at the 

 base of which the sea thunders incessantly. It 



exhibits a very beautiful geological section of 



the simple structure of St. Paul. The ringing, 



iron-like basaltic foundations of the island are 



here setting boldly up from the sea to a height 



of 40 or 50 feet — black and purplish-red, pol- 

 ished like ebony by the friction of the surf, and 



worn by its agency into grotesque arches, tiny 



caverns, and deep fissures. Surmounting this 



lava-bed is a cap of ferruginous cement and 



tufa from three to ten feet in thickness, making 



a reddish floor, ui)on which the seals patter in 



their restless, never-ceasing, evolutions, sleep- 

 ing or waking, on the land. It is as great a 



single i)arade-plateau O'f polished cement as 



that of the Eeef, but we are uiuible from any 



point of observation to appreciate it, Inasmuch 



as we cannot stand high enough to overlook it, 



unless we ascend Polaviua Sopka, and then the 



distances, with the iierspective fore-shorteuiug, 



destroy the effect. 



The rookery itself occupies only a small 



portion of the seal-visited area at this spot. 



It is placed at the southern termination, and 



gentle sloping of the long reach of bluff wall, 



which is the only cliff between Lukaunon and 



Novastoshnah. It pi'cseuts itself to the eye, 



however, in a very peculiar manner, and with 



great scenic effect, when the observer views it from the extreme point of its mural elevation; viewed from thence, 



nearly a mile to the northeast, it rises as a front of bicolored lava-wall, high above the sea that is breakhig at its 



