8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 44 
This is doubtful, it being more likely that this pueblo was peopled 
chiefly by Indians speaking the Jova language, the other pue- 
blos of that section being Tarahumare. Hervas (332) includes Santo 
Tomas among the pueblos or missions of the Chinipas, who, he 
says, spoke a dialect of Tarahumare, or, as will be shown farther 
on, was not distinct therefrom. His list, however, is dated 1767. 
As throwing some light on this point it is noticeable that Zapata 
(340-343) states that the mission at Tosonachic in the Tarahumare 
territory directly north of Santo Tomas, and Yepachic directly west 
of the latter on the border of the Pima Bajo territory, as given by 
Orozco y Berra, were Tarahumare missions. But that at Matachic, 
immediately south of Tosonachic (or Tesomachic), and between it 
and Santo Tomas and the region immediately around it, he speaks of 
as belonging to the Jova (or Ova), or at least places it under the head- 
ing ‘ Nacion de los Ovas.”’ 
It would seem from these statements (in 1678) that the Opata boun- 
dary should be extended a little farther to the southeast than given by 
Orozco y Berra, yet the termination chic (Matachic) savors strongly 
of Tarahumare origin, and Matachic is included in the Tarahumare 
in the Handbook of American Indians. As will be seen below and by 
reference to our map, a small portion of the extreme eastern part of 
the Lower Pima territory, as given in Orozco y Berra’s map, has been 
included in the Tarahumare area. . 
In regard to the Batuco, Cumupa, Buasdaba, and Bapiape, men- 
tioned by some authorities as located within the Opata territory, see 
notes below respecting the list of names not given on the accom- 
panying map. 
TARAHUMARE 
The Tarahumare inhabited the sierras, their area embracing parts © 
of Chihuahua, Durango, and Sonora, the Apache being on the north, 
the Opata and Lower Pima on the west, the Tepehuane on the south, 
and the Concho on the east, and extending from about latitude 26° 
to 29° and longitude 106° to 108° W. Orozco y Berra (1:34) says, 
“Cuenta hasta cinco dialectos poco distantes de la lengua madre, y los 
siguientes, que se separan mas 6 menos de su fuente.”’ (The italics are 
the present author's.) Then he names the following four: Varohio, 
Guazapare, Pachera, and Tubar. What is to be understood by the 
“five dialects but little distant from the mother tongue,” unless 
the four named are included, does not clearly appear from his work; 
at least it seems that he did not consider them sufficiently “ distant”’ 
to regard them as distinct dialects, as he does not follow up the 
subject. 
Hervas (332) states that the Tarahumara (the Tarahumare country) 
is divided into two provinces, called Tarahumara alta and Tarahu- 
