THOMAS] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 9. 
mara baja. To what extent this is to be considered as denoting 
dialectic differences can only be inferred from the statement which 
follows: 
En aquella se habla la lengua chinipa, de la que en el afio 1767 los jesuitas tenian 
siete misiones, llamadas de chinipas y de la Tarahumara-baxa. La lengua chinipa parece 
ser dialecto de Ja tarahumara, que era la dominante en las misiones de los jesuitas en la 
Tarahumara-alta. 
This statement seems to imply that Tarahumare proper was spoken 
in the upper district and Chinipa in the lower district. But as 
there appears to be some uncertainty and confusion on this point, it 
will be best to notice first the dialects mentioned above and then 
to return to the subject. 
Orozco y Berra marks and colors separately on his map the Tubar, 
Guazipare, and Varohio areas, locating them along the southwestern 
boundary of the Tarahumare territory, where it meets the territory 
of the Yaqui group. 
The earliest notice of the subtribe Tubar (Tubare or Tovare) is 
probably that by Ribas (117-118), from whom we learn that the group, 
which was not very numerous, dwelt in rancherias in the sierras about 
the headwaters of the Rio del Fuerte (Rio Cinaloa). He says the peo- 
ple spoke two languages totally distinct (totalmente distintas), but does 
not indicate their relationship. Hervas (820), commenting on the 
passage, says he infers from it that a portion of the Tubar subtribe 
spoke the ‘‘lengua propia’”’ (meaning the Tarahumare or Chinipa) and 
the other part Tepehuane, which is probably the correct explanation. 
He (Hervas) identifies the Chinipa with those he terms the Lower 
Tarahumare. Orozco y Berra (1: 323-324), referring to a manuscript 
in possession of Ramirez, mentions Concepcidn, San Ignacio, and 
San Miguel as Tubar pueblos or pueblos in the Tubar region, and 
states that they were situated on one of the affluents of the Rio del 
Fuerte, adding that they spoke a particular idiom which was a dia- 
lect of the Tarahumare, distinct from the Varohio and Guazipare, and 
called the Tubar. 
The earliest notice of the Varohio tribe or subtribe is also by Ribas 
(255), who mentions them in connection with Chinipa, Guazipare, 
Temori, and Ihio. He locates them in the sierras toward the north, 
between the Mayo and “Cinaloa”’ (Fuerte) rivers, which corresponds 
with the position given by Orozco y Berra on his map. Hervas 
(333) says they and the Guazipare were related linguistically to the 
Chinipa (Tarahumare). Zapata says (388-390) that Varohio and 
Guazipare are the same language, except that the latter is more 
nearly like Tarahumare. The same writer (333) connects the Pa- 
chera with the Tarahumare thus: “A tres leguas de San José 
Temaichic esta otro pueblo y mucha gente en él llamada taraumar 
Pachera.’” The termination shic of the name Temaichic indicates 
8347°—Bull. 44—11——2 
