THOMAS] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 13 
“Hl P. Christobal de Villalba [Villalta] (lib. 5, cap. 15, p. 324) sabia 
excelentemente la lengua de los hiaquis, y propia de los cinaloas,”’ 
adds ‘‘por lo que lengua hiaqut, y lengua cinaloa es una misma cosa.”’ 
On the preceding page (322) he also identifies the Cinaloa and Hiaqui 
(Yaqui) as one and the same— ‘“‘Cinaloa 6 Hiaqui.’”’ Now Ribas 
(284) locates the Hiaquis on the lower portion of the ‘‘ Rio Hiaqui”’ 
(en las doze ultimas ala mar), but places the Cinaloas on the Fuerte, 
or, as he calls it, Rio Cinaloa or Rio Zuaque. He says (142) the river 
is called by various names, sometimes the Cinaloa, sometimes Tegueco, 
and sometimes Zuaque; that the four principal nations on this 
river are the ‘‘Cinaloas, Teguecos, Zuaques, y Ahomes,”’ and that the 
Cinaloa dwell in the mountains at the head of the river. It is evident 
from this and many other similar statements in his work that Ribas 
considered the ‘“‘Cinaloas”’ as distinct from the Hiaqui (Yaqui), the 
Mayo, Tehueco, and Zuaque, though linguistically related to them. 
If there was a tribe of this name, which is possible, it is most likely 
they were absorbed by the other tribes on the upper Rio del Fuerte. 
Therefore Hervas’s identification of the Sinaloas with the Yaquis is an 
evident mistake, as Orozco y Berra points out. As to the application 
of the name Cinaloa by Ribas to the Rio del Fuerte there is this 
evidence. Alegre (1, 230) says— 
El Zuague, 4 cuya rivera austral estuvo en otro tiempo la villa de 8. Juan Bautista 
de Carapoa, que despues fabricado el fuerte de Montesclaros, se llam6é Rio del Fuerte, 
y el padre Andres Perez [Ribas] llama por antonomasia el rio de Sinaloa. 
The geographical position as given by Ribas is sufficient without 
any other evidence to show that he used the name Cinaloa to desig- 
nate the Rio del Fuerte and not the stream which now bears the 
name Sinaloa. Nothwithstanding this and abundant other evidence 
that the Yaqui and the Mayo resided on the rivers that bear their 
respective names, and the Tehueco and Zuaque on the Fuerte river, 
Bancroft (1, 608) says, ‘‘The Zuaques have their villages between the 
Mayo and Yaqui rivers,’’ and so locates them on his map (471). 
Possibly he refers to a more recent date, though apparently not. 
Hamy, probably by mistake, places on his map the ‘‘ Hiaquis’’ on 
the Rio Mayo and the Mayo on the Rio del Fuerte. 
That the Yaqui, Mayo, and Tehueco spoke dialects of the same 
language is now well known from historical evidence, vocabularies, etc. 
However, the following proof from older writers is added: ‘‘ La nacion 
Hiaqui y por consecuencia la Mayo y del Fuerte ... que en la 
sustancia son una misma y de una propria lengua’’ (Cancio, 2: 246), 
“‘Hsta tribu [Mayos] es de la misma raza que la del Yaqui, y solo se 
distingue por el titulo de su rio. Su idioma [Mayo and Yaqui] por 
consiguiente es el mismo, con la diferencia de unas cuantas voces”’ 
(Velasco, 1:302). Pimentel (1, 485) says the ‘“‘Cahita”’ language is 
divided into three principal dialects—Mayo, Yaqui, and Tehueco; 
