20 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 44 
Ribas says (491) the Sabaibo spoke the same language as the 
Acaxee, and that the Jijimes also spoke the same language (522). 
Alegre says (1, 422) the Sabaibo, though a distinct nation, spoke the 
same idiom as the Acaxee. Zapata (414-416), speaking of the mis- 
sions in the Partido de San Martin de Atotonilco, says Tebaca was 
spoken in some and Acaxee in others when talking among themselves, 
but that all used the Mexican language. Orozco y Berra (1 : 334) 
asserts the same thing, and states also on the same page that Tebaca 
was distinct from Acaxee, but related to it. On the whole he seems 
to place all these dialects in his ‘‘Mexicano”’ (1 : 12-13), or at least 
includes the people in the Mexican (Nahuatlan) family in the limited 
sense of his classification. It is true that, in the paragraph indicated, 
he refers only to Acaxee, yet, as he holds that the other three are 
related to it, all must be classéd together. 
Hervas (on what ground does not appear) says that the Jijime 
language, which is spoken in the province of Topia, appears to be 
different from Acaxee (330), ‘“‘and consequently from the other dia- 
lects of the Zacateco.’”’ This would imply that Acaxee and other 
allied idioms, exclusive of Jijime, were dialects of the Zacateco lan- 
guage. Referring to this supposition on the part of Hervas, Orozco y 
Berra (1: 13) states that it is unsupported by any works he has 
examined. : 
As Acaxee appears to be the most important of these idioms, it is 
concluded best to depart from Orozco y Berra’s plan to-the extent of 
including the entire group under this name and to mark the area 
occupied by them accordingly. 
Several other so-called tribes or “‘naciones’’ are mentioned as re- 
siding in the immediate region now under consideration, as the 
Papudo, Tecaya, Vaimoa (or Baimoa), Topia, Hina, and Hume. The 
first three appear to have been considered by Orozco y Berra (1:319) 
as but mere divisions of the Acaxee, and the last two (1:320) as divi- 
sions of the Jijime. Alegre (1, 379-380) mentions the “‘Papudos”’ and 
“Tecayas’’ as belonging to the mission of San Andrés (Topia), but . 
says nothing in regard to their language. Turning to Zapata (306), 
the statement is found that the pueblos of this mission spoke various 
languages, some Sabaibo, some Acaxee (‘‘Aiage’’), and others Jijime, 
but no mention is made of Papudo, Tecaya, or Vaimoa (Baimoa). 
As there does not appear to be any other evidence on this point, 
these three names—Papudo, Tecaya, and Vaimoa—may be dismissed 
as not denoting idioms. 
Orozco y Berra makes Topia.a synonym of Acaxee. In this he 
seems to be substantially correct, as it appears to be a geographical 
term designating the section in which the Acaxee were chiefly lo- 
cated. Ribas (531) says the Acaxee nation was the principal (head) of 
the two missions of Topia and San Andrés. Hervas (327) speaks of 
