THOMAS] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 43 
He adds, however, that they did not all use the same idiom, and that 
those who wandered in the lands of the Zacatecas and the Aguas- 
calientes took in common the name ‘‘Teules Chichimecas,”’ but that 
they were divided into factions having particular idioms. Of these 
he mentions the Cazcan, Tepecano (who, huwever, as already shown, 
were probably connected with the Cora), and Tecuexe. Orozco y 
Berra considered Zacateco a dialect of his Mexicano. He seems to 
include also the Guachichile among the Chichimeca, although speak- 
ing a distinct language (1:285). The Indians of Aguascalientes he 
denominates ‘‘Chichimecas Blancos,’ but is not aware that they bore 
any relation to the Guachichile, though inclined to the belief that they 
were related to the Otomi (1 : 286). 
Speaking of the Indians of Querétaro (1 : 261), and basing his con- 
clusion on a manuscript of 1582, Orozco y Berra says the Chichimeca 
of this region were of the Otomi family. The Chichimeca of Jalisco 
(next to the borders of Guanajuato) are believed by him to have been 
Chichimecas-Blancos, hence of the Otomi family (1: 278). Sahagun 
(656) says the true name of the Tolteca was Chichimeca. A little 
farther on, in the same chapter, he states that the Chichimeca form 
three groups—the Otomi, the Tamime, and the Teo-Chichimeca. He 
considers the last two of the same “‘race’’ and the more barbarous 
in their customs and mode of life, and states that those who mingle 
. with the Mexicanos, or Nahua, speak Mexican as well as their own 
tongue, and those mingling with the Otomi and the Huasteca speak 
the languages of those tribes as well as they do their own. 
Hervas (298) says that north of the Otomi were the Chichimecas who 
did not speak the Mexican language. Perez de Ribas (lib. 12, cap. 2) 
refers to their location as north of the City of Mexico, of their wild and 
barbarous habits, and of their division into numerous tribes speaking 
various languages, but gives no particulars in regard to these idioms. 
The following information with regard to them is given by Villa- 
Sefor y Sanchez (ir, lib. 3, cap. 3). At Zelaya, or in its jurisdiction, 
there were ‘2,650 families’”’ of the nation Otomi, descendants of the 
Chichimeca, who peopled these parts before the Conquest. Again 
(m1, lib. 3, cap. 9), referrmg to San Luis Potosi, this author says 
it was on the frontiers of the Chichimeca. He states also in the same 
chapter that some of these Indians were converted at the mission 
near the pueblo of Santa Catarina Martyrs de Rio Verde. This indi- 
cates that the name Chichimecas was still actually applied in his 
day (1746). In the same work (11, lib. 3, cap. 10) he estimates the 
Indians of the jurisdiction of San Pedro Guadalcazar at about 2,000 
families, all Chichimeca, some of whom had accepted the holy faith, 
and the various connected districts at 3,000 families, all Chichimeca. 
He speaks in like manner of these Indians at other places, recognizing 
them at that day as known by this name. 
