THOMAS] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 77 
territory of the Subtiaba (Squier’s Nagrandans) “along the Gulf of 
Fonseca into what is now Honduras.”’ The distance it extended into 
the interior of this territory is not given, but it has been carried on 
the map in this direction to the southern boundary of the Lencan ter- 
ritory, though it must be admitted that the data on this point are 
exceedingly meager and unsatisfactory. In locating the tribes form- 
erly dwelling along the Pacific coast of Nicaragua we have the benefit 
of Doctor Berendt’s statements in his address (2: 132-145), which 
agree very closely with Squier’s conclusion, though neither indicates 
the extent into the interior, except where limited by the lakes. 
Gomara (1: 264; 2:457) and Herrera mention a tribe (the Corobici) 
which seems to be identical with the Mangue (or Chorotega). The 
latter author says (1, dec. 3, 121), ““Hablaban en Nicaragua cinco 
Lenguas diferentes, Coribici, que lo hablan mucho en Chuloteca,”’ etc. 
Nevertheless, Peralta thinks the Coribici were the ancestors of the 
Guatuso (see below). it wouid seem that Mangue is a comprehen- 
sive term precisely equivalent to Chorotega, properly used, that is, 
to include the Chiapanecan element in this region—Choluteca, Dirian, 
and Orotinan. However, as Squier (8 :311-312) has created con- 
fusion in the use of the terms Chorotegan and Cholutecan, it is best 
to follow Brinton in restoring the old term Mangue to supersede Cho- 
luteca. . 
SUBTIABAN 
(Synonyms: Nagrandan, Maribi) 
This language, which forms a distinct family: known by the same 
name, is the same as Squier’s Nagrandan and Berendt’s Maribi. 
The territory throughout which it was spoken is described by Squier 
(3: 310) as “ the Plain of Leén, or district between the northern extrem- 
ity of Lake Managua and the Pacific;” this probably included the 
greater portion of the district of Ledn. As the same author states 
in another place, it was bounded on the northwest by the territory 
of the Choluteca or Mangue. This language, which, judging by 
Sapper’s map (1) is not yet entirely extinct, though Sapper gives no 
vocabulary, is generally conceded by philologists to be not connected 
with any known family, and the vocabulary furnished by Squier (3) 
appears to justify this conclusion, notwithstanding a slight resem- 
blance to the Dorasque on the one hand and to the Matagalpan on 
the other. 
Drrian 
This language, which belongs to the Chiapanecan family, was 
spoken by the people who formerly occupied the territory between 
the upper extremity of Lake Nicaragua, the river Tipitapa, and the 
southern half of Lake Managua and the Pacific. Their principal 
