"8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [pun. 44 
towns were situated where now stand the cities of Granada, Masaya, 
and Managua, and the villages of Tipitapa, Diriomo, and Diriamba. 
(Squier, 3:310). They are supposed to be now extinct. The name 
Dirian signifies ‘‘ people of the hills.”’ 
NIQUIRAN 
This language, which belongs to the Nahuatlan family, and is 
closely related to Pipil and Aztec, was spoken by a colony proba- 
bly from the Pipil group of Salvador and Guatemala. The area 
occupied was the narrow strip between Lake Nicaragua and the 
Pacific Ocean, and the neighboring islands of the lake. The fact 
that these Indians belonged to the ‘‘Mexican”’ (Nahuatlan) stock 
was noticed by Oviedo, who applied to them the name Niquirans. 
Even the short vocabulary given by Squier makes the relation 
clear, showing that the people now under consideration pertained to 
the Aztec group and were closely related to the Pipil. 
OROTINAN 
This third Chiapanecan dialect of the southern section was spoken 
throughout an area in northwestern Costa Rica extending from the 
southern shore of Lake Nicaragua southward to and along both | 
shores of the Gulf of Nicoya for the greater part of its length, and 
westward to the Pacific Ocean. Squier (3: 310) says merely, “‘occupy- 
ng the country around the Gulf of Nicoya, and to the southward of 
Lake Nicaragua.’’ Brasseur de Bourbourg (1: u, 110) says the 
Orotinas in the vicinity of the Gulf of Nicoya have as their principal 
villages Nicoya, Orotina, Cantren, and Chorote. Oviedo (iv, 108) 
also locates them about the Gulf of Nicoya. Peralta (1: 720) gives 
the river Barranca as their southern limit on the east side of the gulf. 
Fernandez (1: 548) gives the latitude of the city of Punta Arenas as 
their southern limit on the east coast, agreeing closely in this respect 
with Peralta’s conclusion. 
The writer has no vocabulary of this particular colony, but from 
their discovery by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century history 
speaks of them as “Chorotegans,”’ thus connecting them with the 
Mangue and Dirian tribes. Additional remarks on this tribe will be 
made in treating of the peoples of Costa Rica. 
ULva 
(Synonym: Sumo) 
' As the data at hand are too meager to justify an attempt to indi- 
cate on the map the limits of the tribal areas of the Ulvan family, 
now to be dealt with, it seems best to give only the boundaries of 
