FEWKES ] WORK OF EXCAVATION AND REPAIR 39 
were pierced at intervals to prevent water from accumulating in the 
compound. 
The excavations within the compound were even more extensive 
than those outside; from this inclosure a larger amount of débris had to 
be removed to a greater distance than from the area outside the walls. 
A block of rooms was excavated in the southwest mound from 
which rise the two fragments of walls above mentioned. It is 
instructive to note that the east walls of these rooms are worn down 
more than the west walls, which are still several feet high, and that 
the effects of erosion are also more marked on the east side of the 
historic structure of Casa Grande. The condition may be explained 
in this way: Originally the east walls were probably not so high as 
the west walls, a terrace, or platform, being situated on the former 
side, but the prevailing storms, which come from the east, beating 
with greater force against the eastern walls, caused them to disin- 
tegrate more rapidly. 
The now conspicuous row of six ceremonial rooms extending from 
the northeast corner of the historic building to the north wall of the 
compound presented the appearance before excavation merely of a 
low ridge. This ridge, or mound, was a favorite camping place for 
visitors, especially when the sun was high, the walls of the building 
making here a pleasant shade. The excavation and removal of 
the earth from these six rooms and the clearing away of the fallen 
material from the foundations of the outer walls proved to be a work 
of considerable magnitude.? 
The removal of the earth from the plaza in the northwest part of 
Compound A to the former level of its floor, the excavation of the 
room in the northwest angle, and the transportation of the accumu- 
lations of earth alone necessitated the employment of many workmen 
for a considerable period. Much time was consumed in clearing out 
the large, cluster of rooms on the northeast side of the compound. 
When excavation began at this point nothing was visible but a large 
mound. 
The massive-walled building ‘east of Casa Grande, the west wall of 
which rose several feet above the surface of the mound, was not 
difficult to excavate, as the earth could be readily removed and the 
distance to the dump was not great. The southeast section of the 
compound, which presents no conspicuous elevation, still awaits 
excavation. (Pl. 7.) 
To show the supposed character of the habitations of the ancient 
people of Compound A, a Pima circular hut (fig. 53) was built near 
the southwest angle, outside the inclosure. 
1 Some walls which especially needed protection against the elements were capped with adobe bricks to 
prevent erosion. » 
2The number of cubic yards of earth removed from this vicinity was not accurately determined, but 
some idea of the aggregate may be given by the statement that 10 scrapers were employed for almost a 
month in accomplishing this result. 
