. 
rewxKes] TRADITIONS 49 
women gathered wood and made a fire in the cave where Hok lived. When she dis- 
covered what had taken place she flew to the top of her cave and entered it through 
a crack open to the sky, At the opening Tcuhu stood so as to prevent Hok’s escape 
and slew her as she emerged. 
A CREATION LEGEND 
In the beginning all was dark and there was neither earth nor sky. Earth Doctor 
(Tcuwut Marka) was the only being then living.! 
Earth Doctor took a particle of sweat from his body and made from it a small disk, 
which he held in his hand and started to go to the west. When he stopped, the sweat 
showed signs of life, for it trembled; he proceeded and still the material moved. He 
halted four times in his course and as he stopped the fourth time the disk, which was 
the nucleus of the earth, became stable, and neither trembled nor wavered.? He then 
knew he wasat the middle point of the universe. Earth Doctor then made a bush and 
created small ants to feed on it. He took a louse from his breast and put it at the root 
of the bush. This insect found a ring of soil that kept growing larger and larger as 
Earth Doctor danced near it, until it became the earth. In the same way the solid 
sky wasformed. Earth Doctor pounded ‘‘ medicine’’ in a bowl and shortly afterward 
there appeared over the surface a transparent substance resembling ice. Earth Doc- 
tor threw this substance toward the north, where it fell but shortly afterward rose 
again and then sank below the horizon. He then cast another fragment to the west 
and it fell below the horizon, never to rise again. He threw another fragment into 
the south; this struck the earth or sky and bounded back, whereupon he picked it up 
and again threw it to the south. This time it rose and passed over the sky. These 
fragments became the sun and the moon, both formed in the same way. Earth Doctor 
spurted a mouthful of medicine-water into the sky and created the stars, first the 
larger and then the smaller, the last of all being nebulz like the Milky Way. Having 
formed the celestial bodies, he made seeds of all food used by man, after which he 
created men and women from a particle of sweat or grease from his body. 
Buzzard Doctor lives in the Underworld, where there are many people similar to 
those who inhabit the earth. The entrance [sipapu] to this underworld is in the east. 
As soon as men and women had been created they began to quarrel; this an- 
gered Earth Doctor and he put them to death. Afterhe had killed all human beings, 
Earth Doctor and Buzzard emerged together from the Underworld and the former 
begged the latter to help him re-create men and women. The result was men who 
were gray-haired at birth. Earth Doctor again destroyed man because he smoked 
too much, but on the fourth trial there emerged from the earth four men who later 
became great medicine-men—Land, Buzzard, Tcuhu, and Tohouse.* 
The youth Tcuhu became a great warrior and married many women, whom he 
deserted before children were born.* 
A FLOOD LEGEND 
The Pima believed that the flood was caused by Earth Doctor, who stuck his staff > 
into the ground, making a hole out of which water issued, covering the earth. Tcuwut, 
Tcuhu, and Tohouse crawled into ollas and floated away. When the earth was 
1 This legend differs from other purely aboriginal creation legends with which the author is acquainted, 
in accounting for the origin of earth and sky. 
2 See Zuni legend of the search for the “middle,” or stable, point on the earth (in 13th Ann. Rep. Bur. 
Ethnol., p. 373). 4 
3 Because the men were thus destroyed four times some people think there are four worlds. 
4 The son of Tcuwut went to get his child, but when he took it in his arms he became a snipeand the baby 
became what-the Pima call a water baby. 
5 Several Hopi and Hano legends recount that when the tiponi, or emblematic palladium, was placed on 
the earth a spring was developed. 
20903°—28 eETH—12—-4 4 
