58 CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA [ETH. ANN, 28 
We [Garcés and Font] traveled about 3 leagues southeast and arrived at the casa, 
whose position is found in latitude 33° 03’ 30’. For the present condition of this casa 
I refer to the description thereof that Padre Font has given; and in the end will speak 
of that which I have been enabled to conjecture from what I saw and learned at 
Moqui. 
Later, on July 4, 1776, while at the Hopi (Moqui) village of Oraibi, 
in northeastern Arizona, Garcés, who had been inhospitably received 
by the natives, learned of the hostility that existed between the Hopi 
and the Pima. 
-This hostility had been told me by the old Indians of my mission, by the Gilefios, 
and Cocomaricopas; from which information I have imagined (he discurrido) that 
the Moqui nation anciently extended to the Rio Gilaitself. I take my stand (fun- 
dome, ground myself) in this matter on the ruins that are found from this river as far 
as the land of the Apaches; and that I have seen between the Sierras de la Florida 
and San Juan Nepomuzeno. Asking a few years ago some Subaipuris Indians who 
were living in my mission of San Xavier, if they knew who had built those houses 
whose ruins and fragments of pottery (Josa, for loza) are still visible—as, on the sup- 
position that neither Pimas nor Apaches knew how to make (such) houses or pottery, 
no doubt it was done by some other nation—they replied to me that the Moquis had 
built them, for they alone knew how to do such things; and added that the Apaches 
who are about the missions are neither numerous nor valiant; that toward the north 
was where there were many powerful people; ‘‘there went we,’’ they said, ‘‘to fight 
in former times (antiguamente); and even though we attained unto their lands we did 
not surmount the mesas whereon they lived.’’ It is confirmatory of this that I have 
observed among the Yabipais some circumstances bearing upon this information; for 
they brought me to drink a large earthenware cup very like the potsherds that are 
found in the house called (Casa) de Moctezuma and the Rio Gila. Asking them 
whence they had procured it, they answered me that in Moqui there is much of that. 
As I entered not into any house of Moqui, I could not assure myself by sight; but from 
the street I saw on the roofs some large, well-painted ollas. Also have the Pimas 
Gilefios told me repeatedly that the Apaches of the north came anciently to fight with 
them for the casa that is said to be of Moctezuma; and being sure that the Indians 
whom we know by the name of Apaches have no house nor any fixed abode, I per- 
suaded myself that they could be the Moquis who came to fight; and that, harassed 
by the Pimas, who always have been numerous and valiant, they abandoned long ago 
these habitations on the Rio Gila, as also have they done this with that ruined pueblo 
which I found before my arrival at Moqui and of which I have made mention above; 
and that they retired to the place where now they live, in a situation so advantageous, 
so defensible, and with such precautions for self-defense in case of invasion. 
FONT’S NARRATIVE 
It is unfortunate that Garcés did not describe Casa Grande inde- 
pendently of his companion, Father Font, but most fortunate that 
the description and plan of the latter exist, as they afford valuable 
data for comparison with Mange’s account of 1697 and with the 
present condition of the ruin. Font’s narrative reads as follows:? 
1 Tbid., m1, 386-387. 
2 Diario 4 Monterey por et Rio Colorado del Padre Fr. Pedro Font, 1775. The original manuscript is in 
the John Carter Brown Library, Providence, R. I. A recent copy of it, from which the accompanying 
translation was made and the plan reproduced, is in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 
See also Notice sur la grande maison dite de Moctecuzoma, in Ternaux-Compans, Voyages, IX, app. VII, 
383-386, 1838. 
