60 CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA [EPH ANN. 28 
particularly at the corners, where it seems there was some structure like an interior 
castle, or watch tower, for in the corner which lies at the southwest there is a piece of 
ground floor with its divisions and an upper story. The exterior inclosure [fig. 3} is 
from north to south 420 feet long and from east to west 260. The interior of the casa 
is composed of five halls, the three equal ones in the middle and one at each extremity 
larger. The three (middle) halls have a length from north to south of 2@ feet and a 
width from east to west of 10. The two halls of the extremities (one at each end) are 
from north to south 12 feet and from east to west 38. The halls are some 11 feet high 
and all are equal in this respect. The doors of communication are 5 feet high and 2 
feet wide and are all about equal except the four first of the four entrances, which it 
appears were twice as wide. The thickness of the interior walls is 4 feet and they are 
well laid in mortar, and of the exterior ones 6 feet. The casa is on the outside from 
north to south 70 feet long and from east to west 50 feet wide. The walls have a smooth 
finish on the outside. In front of the door of the east, separated from the casa, there 
isanother building with dimensions from north to south 26 feet and from east to west 18, 
exclusive of the thickness of the walls. The woodwork was of pine, apparently, and 
the nearest mountain range that has pines is distant some twenty and five leagues, and 
also has some mesquite. The whole edifice is of earth, and according to the signs it is 
a mud wall made with boxes of various sizes. From the river and quite a good dis- 
tance there runs a large canal, by which the settlement was supplied with water. It 
is now very much choked. Finally, it is known that the edifice had three stories, 
and if that which can be found out from the Indians is true, and according to the indi- 
cations that are visible, it had four, the basement of the casa deepening in the manner 
ofa subterraneanapartment. To give light to the apartments there is nothing but the 
doors and some circular openings in the midst of the walls which face to the east and 
west, and the Indians said that through these openings (which are pretty large) the 
Prince, whom they call El Hombre Amargo [The Bitter Man] looked out on the sun 
when it rose and set, to salute it. There are found no traces of staircases, from which 
we judged that they were of wood and were destroyed in the conflagration which the 
edifice suffered from the Apache. The story which the governor of Vturittic related 
to usin his Pima language, which was interpreted to us by a servant of the sefior coman- 
dante, the only interpreter of that language, is as follows: He said that in very olden 
time there came to that land a man who because of his evil disposition and harsh sway 
was called The Bitter Man; that this man was old and had a young daughter; and 
that in his company there came another man who was young, who was not his relative 
nor anything, and that he gave him his daughter in marriage, who was very pretty, 
the young man being handsome also; and that the said old man had with him as 
servants the Wind and the Storm-cloud. That the old man began to build that Casa 
Grande and ordered his son-in-law to go and fetch beams for the roof of the house. 
That the young man went far off; and as he had no ax, nor anything else with which 
to cut the trees, he tarried many days and at the end he came back without bringing 
any beams. That the old man was very angry and told him that he was good for 
nothing; that he should see how he himself would bring beams. That the old man 
went very far off to a mountain range where there are many pines and that, calling on 
God to help him, he cut many pines and brought many beams for the roof of the house. 
That when this Bitter Man came, there were in that land neither trees nor plants; he 
brought seeds of all and reaped very large harvests with his two servants, the Wind and 
the Storm-cloud, who served him. That by reason of his evil disposition he grew angry 
with the twoservants and turned them away, and they went very far off; andashe could 
no longer harvest any crops through lack of the servants, he ate what he had gathered 
and came near dying of hunger. That he sent his son-in-law to call the two servants 
and bring them back but he could not find them, seek as he might. That thereupon 
the old man went to seek them and, having found them, brought them once more into 
his service; with their aid he once more had large crops and thus he continued for 
