72 CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA [prH. ANN. 28 
In his Final Report Bandelier gives a figure or ground plan of the 
walled inclosure in which Casa Grande is situated, the only modern 
representation of the outside wall of Compound A with which the 
present writer is familiar. There is also an illustration of the two 
mounds of Compound B. 
CUSHING’S RESEARCHES 
Cosmos Mindeleff thus speaks of F. H. Cushing’s researches relating 
to ruins similar to Casa Grande: 1 
In 1888 Mr. F. H. Cushing presented to the Congrés International des Améri- 
canistes ? some ‘‘ Preliminary notes” on his work as director of the Hemenway south- 
western archeological expedition. Mr. Cushing did not describe the Casa Grande, 
but merely alluded to it as a surviving example of the temple, or principal structure, 
which occurred in conjunction with nearly all the settlements studied. As Mr. 
Cushing’s work was devoted, however, to the investigation of remains analogous to, 
if pot identical with, the Casa Grande, his report forms a valuable contribution to 
the literature of this subject, and although not everyone can accept the broad infer- 
ences and generalizations drawn by Mr. Cushing—of which he was able, unfortunately, 
to present only a mere statement—the report should be consulted by every student 
of southwestern archeology. 
FEWKES’S DESCRIPTION 
In 1892 the following description of Casa Grande by the present 
writer was published: * 
A short distance south of the Gila River, on the stage route from Florence to Casa 
Grande station on the Southern Pacific Railroad, about 10 miles southwest of the for- 
mer town, there is a ruin which from its unique character has attracted attention from 
the time the country was first visited. This venerable ruin, which is undoubtedly 
one of the best of its type in the United States, is of great interest as shedding light on 
the architecture of several of the ruined pueblos which are found in such numbers in 
the valleys of the Gila and Salt Rivers. The importance of its preservation from the 
hands of vandals and from decay led Mrs. Hemenway and others, of Boston, to petition 
Congress for an appropriation of money for this purpose. This petition was favorably 
acted upon, and an appropriation was made to carry out the suggestions of the 
petitioners* . . . 
As one approaches the ruin along the stage road from the side toward Florence,® 
he is impressed with the solidity and massive character of the walls, and the great 
simplicity of the structure architecturally considered. Externally, as seen from a dis- 
tance, there is much to remind one of the ruins of an old mission, but this resemblance 
is lost on a closer examination. The fact that the walls of the middle (central) cham- 
1Tn 13th Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., p. 297. 
2 Berlin meeting, 1888; Compte-Rendu, Berlin, 1890, p. 150 et seq. 
3In Journal of American Ethnology and Archzxology, 1, Boston and New York, 1892. 
4 The repairs and other work carried on by means of this appropriation have been described at length by 
Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff (in 13th Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol.). 
Later a corrugated iron roof was erected over Casa Grande to protect it from the elements. This feature 
detracts somewhat from the picturesqueness of the ruin, but is necessary for the preservation of the stand- 
ing walls. The bases of the walls, undermined and about to fall in several places, have been strengthened 
with cement and with iron rods strung from wall to wall. This roof was repainted in 1907 out of the 
appropriation for the repair of the building. 
5 The writer visited the ruin from this side, but one coming from the Eastern States would probably find 
jt more convenient to make the station of Casa Grande on the Southern Pacific the point of departure. 
