FEWKES ] PRESENT CONDITION 85 
logs, most of which were laid across the width of the room, their 
extremities being inserted for support in the walls, or in some in- 
stances laid on a ledge or in a recess. The rows of holes that accom- 
modated the ends of the beams are to be seen in most of the rooms; 
some of these holes are not strictly in line. Each roof was covered 
with mud firmly packed down and hardened by exposure to the air 
and to the constant pressure of human feet; in places appear the prints 
of reeds and grasses which were formerly laid on the rafters. Many 
Americans have told the writer that when they first saw Casa Grande 
the ends of burnt timbers protruded from the walls. Logs were 
found in several rooms, some of which were charred, while others 
had been untouched by fire. 
DOORWAYS AND WINDOWS 
The external entrances into most of the rooms of each story of Casa 
Grande were lateral, and there is reason to suppose that the rooms 
in which no openings appear in the side walls were entered by hatch- 
ways. As the floors have all disappeared, it is impossible, of course, 
to know what or where the entrances to rooms from the roof were. 
Tn the lowest story was a doorway about midway in each side. Open- 
ings appear in about the corresponding positions in the stories above, 
except the third, where the only entrance to be seen is on the east. 
side. As its threshold was on a level with the roof of the second 
story, this doorway probably opened on the roof of the east rooms 
in that story. In addition to these external openings there were 
passageways between the north, south, east, and west rooms, in the 
first and second stories. 
The doorway of the middle room in the first story was on the 
east side. 
All the doorways were constructed on the same pattern. They 
averaged about 2 feet in width, and some were slightly narrower at. 
the top than below. This decrease in width may be a survival of the 
times when the conical, or beehive, form of architecture prevailed. 
The masonry over the doorways is now, as a rule, more or less 
broken, but it still shows holes for the insertion of logs that formed 
the lintels, which were arranged in series one above another. While 
most of the lintels which supported the adobe have been wrenched 
out, some remain, holding in place the heavy material of which this 
part of the wall was built. 
The doorway between the west and the south room has been closed 
with large solid blocks of masonry. 
The sills of most of the doorways are broken, but the jambs are 
entire and smoothly plastered. 
