FEWKES] CASA GRANDE MOUNDS 95 
In certain walls is found evidence contradicting the theory that 
they were built by stamping caliche into bottomless baskets or boxes, 
as generally taught, and as indicated by the joints on the west side 
of the main ruin. At various places in the walls may still be seen 
masses of clay patted into shape by human hands, the imprints of 
which are clear. Some of these masses, which are just large enough 
to have been handled by one workman, were evidently dumped on 
the wall and subsequently were not so stamped that they lost their 
original shape. 
Compounp B 
When work on it began (pl. 25) Compound B consisted of two 
mounds resting on a platform, the bases around both mounds being 
so filled in with earth that the surrounding wall formed the edge of 
a platform or terrace. The most extensive of these inclosed mounds 
(Pyramid B) occupied the southwest corner of the platform. The 
largest and most massive (Pyramid A) has a flat top, from which the 
visitor can see, in clear weather, the cupola of the courthouse in 
Florence, 12 miles away. 
Compound B (fig. 13) is 840 feet northeast of Compound A. Its 
excavated surrounding wall on the east and north sides, respectively, 
measures 299 feet and 180 feet; the west side is 297 feet long and the 
south side 167 feet. The compound is oriented approximately north 
and south (pls. 26, 27). 
When the excavation of Compound B began no part of the sur- 
rounding wall was visible, its existence being indicated only by a 
slight rise above the level of the surrounding plain. The first work 
attempted was the determination of the angles or corners of this 
compound. This work brought to light a massive wall surrounding 
the whole inclosure. It is evident from the amount of débris that 
had accumulated on the outside of this wall that it must have been 
formerly at least 7 feet high. The accumulated earth was removed 
to a depth of 4 feet, the present average height of the wall. This wall 
was found to be much higher on the west side than on the east, south, 
or north, and in order to obtain a level for the drain constructed 
around the compound to carry away the surplus water, it was ne¢es- 
sary to remove débris on the west wall to a depth of at least 9 feet. 
Below that depth many circular depressions, similar to those used by 
Pima in mixing mortar for the walls, were found, and it is believed 
that the former level of the foundation of the compound was reached 
on that side. 
None of the outside walls of Compound B laid bare by.excavation 
were found to be straight and none were exactly perpendicular. 
The thickness of the surrounding wall varies; in some places it is 
