FEWKES] CASA GRANDE MOUNDS 101i 
that a street, extending north and south, bisected this section of the 
compound and: that rooms were arranged along both sides. These 
rooms were rectangular, with a fire-pot or fireplace in the floor of 
each, at or near the center; the doorways are in the longer side, 
about midway. 
Attention should be called to a room of this row, on the north 
side of the street about west of the middle pyramid. West of the 
great Pyramid A was an inclosure in the walls of a house, containing 
three small stone idols (pl. 26, shrine) and a number of oddly 
formed stones, all suggestive of shrine deposits. ! 
When the workmen who had excavated this shrine and removed its 
contents ceased work, one of the Pima made a symbol called tewhuki 
(“house of Teuhu,”’ fie. 52) on the pile of excavated sand. Although 
disclaiming any knowledge of connection between this figure and 
the contents of the shrine, he gavé reason to believe there was some 
meaning not yet discovered. The same symbol was found by 
Mindeleff on a wall of Casa Grande (see ’pl. 40). 
The collection of stones from this shrine is among the most re- 
markable the writer has ever seen, being equaled only by the con- 
tents of certain shrines of the Hopi. Most of these stones had been 
brought from a distance; they consist of bowlders and pebbles 
from the Gila, twisted and contorted fragments of lava, petrified 
wood, and objects of sandstone and other rocks, botryoidal in form. 
There are also pigments of various colors—green copper ore, white 
kaolin, and black shale, with fragments of red iron oxide. 
The general appearance of Compound B after excavation leads 
to the belief that it contained fewer massive-walled buildings than 
Compound A, and that the number of more perishable habitations 
was much larger. 
The character of the mounds of Compound B and the evidence 
of great erosion (greater than in Compound A) they exhibit suggest 
considerable age, an idea confirmed by the superposed strata of 
floors and the subterranean walls and ‘‘ pit-rooms”’ under the boundary 
walls. Compound B is believed to be much older than Compound 
A, but whether it was abandoned before the latter was erected is 
a question which can not be answered. The age of Compound B 
as compared with that of the other compounds is also hypothetic; 
few data remain that can be used in such comparisons.? 
1 These objects are described on pp. 120, 121. The significance to be attached to these stones is not quite 
clear, but the custom of collecting different forms in an inclosure is recorded from many pueblo ruins and 
still survives im several modern pueblos. In searching for an explanation of their significance the mind 
naturally ascribes to the Casa Grande shrines and their contents the same meaning as to the pueblo 
counterparts, but similar collections of odd-shaped stones having other meanings attached thereto are 
widespread among prehistoric peoples. 
2 The two compounds, A and B, with Clan-house 1 (pls. 11, 12, 27, 44), were modeled by Mr. H. W. 
Hendley, of the U.S. National Museum, under the writer’s direction, for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacifie 
Exposition, at Seattle. These models, now in the National Museum, illustrate more graphically than 
can any descriptions the resemblances and d:fferences between these structures. 
