106 CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA [mTH. ANN. 28 
Compounps E anp F 
Remnants of large walls identified as boundaries of several other 
compounds were traced at various places in the reservation, the most 
conspicuous being those of Compounds E and F, which could be 
. followed for a considerable distance west of Compound A. These 
inclose low white mounds, sparsely covered with mesquite and other 
growth, which seem to contain the remains of massive buildings, the 
walls of which have fallen or have been worn down by rains to a level 
with the plain. In this vicinity there are numerous other low mounds 
without walls which bear outward resemblance to refuse-piles. 
No excavations were made in these mounds, although there is evi- 
dence that some of them would repay examination. The presence 
of fragments of pottery, and broken stone objects, apparently worked 
by hand, suggests sites of many former habitations. 
CLAN-HOUSE 1 
In addition to the compounds, or structures inclosed by a com- 
mon wall, there is a type of thick-walled buildings at Casa Grande from 
which this wall is absent or at least has not yet been discovered. The 
best example of this type is the so-called Clan-house 1 (pls. 43, 44), 
one of the most striking group of rooms excavated during the writer’s 
field work in the second year. 
Clan-house 1 is 740 feet due east of Compound A. The group of 
rooms brought to light by excavation possibly belonged to a large 
compound the boundary walls of which had been practically buried or 
totally destroyed. When work on Clan-house 1 began, two ash- 
colored treeless mounds rising a few feet above the level of the plain 
were all that was visible, the space between the mounds being covered 
with scattered trees, bushes, and cacti. The results of the excava- 
tion appear in the accompanying plan (fig. 17), in the bird’s-eye view 
(pl. 43), and in the illustration of the model (pl. 44). 
*  Clan-house 1 has 11 rooms (A-J, M, fig. 18) inclosing a plaza, its 
outside measurements, exclusive of the annex (L, K), being 113 
feet long and 49 feet wide. The longer walls extend east and 
west, instead of north and south as in the compounds. In addi- 
tion to the 11 rooms which form the main portion of the struc- 
tures excavated, there are three low-walled rooms on the east side, 
which we may call the annex; one of the main purposes of this strue- 
ture was to contain the grave (fig. 18) of the former chief, possibly the 
owner of the whole building. From various circumstances it is believed 
that the walls of this annex were built later than the remainder. 
The walls of Clan-house 1 ‘are massive (pl. 45), averaging 4 feet in 
thickness; the altitude of the highest is 10 feet. As shown in 
1 The appearance of the tops of walls of Gila ruins, before excavation, is shown in plate 42. 
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