FEWKES] MINOR ANTIQUITIES We 
the surface, but the majority were found promiscuously during the 
excavations, or came from graves, evidently having been deposited as 
offerings with the dead. Several were found on ae floors of rooms 
in the compound. 
The ancient inhabitants of Casa Grande were adept in the manufac- 
ture. of cutting implements, which are made of very hard stone. The 
favorite stone for mortars and meal grinders was a volcanic rock of 
close texture which is very abundant in the hills not far from the ruins. 
As a rule the stones from which implements were made came from 
the river bed.* 
Axzes.—Most of the axes (pls. 49-55; also figs. 22-27) are grooved 
on two faces and one edge, the groove not extending over the 
remaining edge, a form typical of Gila Valley axes. In one or two 
im ca 
ty : : 
Fic. 22. Stone ax. Fic. 23. Stone ax. 
examples (pl. 55 and fig. 23) the groove completely surrounds the ax, 
and there are specimens without a groove, its place being taken by 
a nick in one edge. One end of these axes is sharp, the other blunt. 
There are also several double-edged examples; these are finely made, 
their edges being curved and showing little evidence of use. Each 
of two specimens has a groove on one side as if for the insertion of 
a wedge to strengthen the hafting. 
The beautiful double-bladed axes shown in plate 51 are grooved 
on the faces and one edge. Specimen a is not grooved on the sides 
but has a notch on one edge. This ax is one of the most beautiful 
in the collection. Specimen } has a deep groove with a ridge on each 
than to manufacture them. Their stone metates and manos, or grinding stones, are coarser than the 
ancient specimens, a fact sometimes cited to prove that the Pima are not descended from the Hohokam, 
