124 CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA [BTH, ANN. 28 
side and resembles specimens from northern Arizona. Another 
partially grooved ax is shown in figure 24. The specimen figured as 
ce of plate 51 shows the effects of fire, being much splintered. This 
was once a fine implement, sharpened at each end, with a shallow 
groove on two sides and the rim. Specimen d is likewise a double- 
bladed ax but is not so finely polished as that last mentioned. The 
specimen.shown in figure 25 was found in the grave of the chief of 
Clan-house 1. With one exception none of the axes show marked 
ridges above or below the groove, a feature common to grooved axes 
from Hopi ruins. 
Plate 52 shows four typical stone axes which 
differsomewhat inform; the differences are more 
in the shape of the poll and in the cross-section, 
the groove for hafting being nearly uniform in 
all. Specimen a is somewhat pointed and 6 
is smoother at the edge than on the sides; ¢ is 
deeply grooved while in d the groove is shallow. 
The two specimens figured in plate 53 are ex- 
ceptional, one side being flat and the opposite 
side convex; the groove is confined to the latter 
side, extending in 6 from a point near one 
edge to the other edge. 
One of the axes (pl. 54, 6) was too large, per- 
haps, for use as such; its surface shows marks 
of pecking, and in some places the original 
smooth surface. Possibly this is an unfinished 
implement. Specimens a and d in this plate 
are almost circular in section, while ¢ is nearly 
rectangular. 
The remarkable ax figured in plate 55 viewed 
from the side and the front, is of unusual char- 
acter, although in general form it is not very 
different from the typical Casa Grande ax. 
One face and a part of the groove show de- 
cided roughness, ascribed to secondary chipping. 
Grooved hammers or mauls——There are in the collection many 
grooved stone hammers more or less battered on their ends by long 
and hard usage. Most of them are regular in shape. Some of the 
hammers were originally axes which, becoming greatly worn or broken 
at the edge, were adapted for use in pounding. Several hammers 
are illustrated in plates 56 and 57 and figures 26 and 27. 
Some of the hammers are circular in cross section, elongate, 
grooved on three sides and convex at the ends, or are dumb- 
bell shaped, short and stumpy. Others are almost square in 
cross section. The two ends may be of equal size, with the groove 
Fic. 24. Stone ax. 
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