126 CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA [BTH. ANN. 28 
Arrow-shaft polishers.—Several grooved stones, identified as arrow- 
shaft polishers, two of which (pl. 61) are fine specimens, were dug 
up at Casa Grande. The best specimen has a double groove and a 
surface ornamented with incised lines. Another, of equally fine 
workmanship, is smaller and considerably broken. Both are made 
of a black stone, the surface of which is highly polished, especially 
along the grooves. One of the specimens is oval in shape; the other 
rectangular. 
Grinding stones.—Slabs and disks used for grinding purposes are 
fairly common at Casa Grande. The several specimens found vary ~ 
in size, shape, and other characters. They are circular or rectan- 
gular, with or without a 
marginal groove; many are 
provided with aknob. These 
objects (pl. 62) are ordinarily 
made of lava or other hard 
rock. It is not clearly known 
whether they served for grind- 
ing pigments, seeds, or other 
substances. Corn grinding 
was accomplished by means of 
larger implements, as metates 
and manos, many forms of 
which are found in the col- 
lections. 
The metates (pl. 60, f) are 
in no respect exceptional.! As 
a rule these are made of lava; 
they are flat or concave on one 
side, many are rough on the 
opposite surface, and some 
have marginal ridges. The manos, or hand stones (pl. 63), vary in size 
and shape as well asin the material of which they are made. A com- 
mon form is flat on one side, rounded on the opposite, with edges and 
ends rounded. The grinding surfaces of others have two planes at 
an angle forming a ridge along the middle. None of the metates were 
found set in boxes as among cliff-dwellings and pueblos, and it is 
probable that when used they were simply placed on the floor, the 
women kneeling while employed in grinding. 
Stones used as paint grinders (pls. 64, 65; 67, e; and figs. 29, 30), many 
showing traces of pigment on their surfaces, vary in size and shape 
Fic. 26. Stone hammer. 
1 None of the metates found have legs, although Doctor Russell speaks of metates provided with three 
legs, and the writer has found examples of this type elsewhere, but not at Casa Grande. They were 
apparently laid on the floor and moved from place to place as needed. 
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